Journalize Purchases of Plant Assets

  • Journalize purchase of plant assets

 

In the prior section, we determined the total historical cost of the February 1 purchased land by Spivey Company was $262,800. Assume Spivey is paying 20% down and financing the rest. We would record this purchase as follows:

JournalPage 101
Date Description Post. Ref. Debit Credit
20–
Feb 1 Land 262,800.00
Feb 1       Checking Account 52,560.00
Feb 1       Notes Payable 210,240.00
Feb 1 To record purchase of land for factory

We also determined the total historical cost of the building completed on June 30 was $490,000. Assume the contractor Spivey hired took out a construction loan to finance the construction as it progressed, and now the entire amount is due and Spivey is paying with a check. We would record this purchase as follows:

JournalPage 101
Date Description Post. Ref. Debit Credit
20–
July 1 Building 490,000.00
July 1       Checking Account 490,000.00
July 1 To record purchase of building

Similarly, Spivey determined the total cost of machinery was $162,000. Assume a $50,000 down payment and a note for the balance. The entry would be:

JournalPage 101
Date Description Post. Ref. Debit Credit
20–
July 1 Machinery 162,000.00
July 1       Checking Account 50,000.00
July 1       Notes Payable 112,000.00
July 1 To record purchase of new equipment

Lump Sum Purchases

Sometimes a company buys land and other assets for a lump sum. When land and buildings purchased together are to be used, the firm divides the total cost and establishes separate ledger accounts for land and for buildings. This division of cost establishes the proper balances in the appropriate accounts. This division is especially important later because the depreciation recorded on the buildings affects reported income, while no depreciation is taken on the land.

Let’s look at an example: Assume in addition to the above transactions, on October 1 Spivey added additional production capacity by purchasing a faltering competitor’s land, machinery, and building for $400,000. After the purchase, in order to allocate the cost, Spivey hired an appraiser who determined the land had a market value of $135,000, machinery of $67,500, and the building of $247,500 for a total value of $450,000. We cannot report the assets at the appraiser’s estimate of market value since Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires us to use historical cost. Instead, we use a two-step process to get the cost of each asset.

  1. Calculate each asset’s percent of market value.  (Asset market value / total market value of all assets.)
Asset Appraisal (or Market) Value % of MV
Land         135,000 /450,000 = 30%
Machinery           67,500 /450,000 = 15%
Building         247,500Single line /450,000 = 55%
Total 450,000
  1. Calculate the cost of each asset (total price paid for all assets x % of market value).
Asset % of MV Purchase Price Allocated cost of each asset
Land 30% 400,000 $    120,000
Machinery 15% 400,000 $        60,000
Building 55% 400,000 $    220,000 Single line
Total $    400,000

The journal entry to record this purchase for cash of $100,000 and a note for $300,000 would be:

JournalPage 101
Date Description Post. Ref. Debit Credit
20–
Oct 1 Land 120,000.00
Oct 1 Building 60,000.00
Oct 1 Machinery 220,000.00
Oct 1       Checking Account 100,000.00
Oct 1       Notes Payable 300,000.00
Oct 1 To record purchase of new equipment

 

In reality, the cost of the machinery would be allocated in detail, because we want to be able to track computers; each piece of equipment; desks; vehicles; and each distinct asset, including different buildings if we have more than one in the lump sum purchase. In short, each item should have an allocated cost.

After posting the journal entries for Spivey, we would see the following balances in the general ledger (GL) control accounts:

Three T accounts side by side. On the left is a land chart. There is a dash representing the beginning balance on the debit side. There is a debit entry on February 1st of 262,800 dollars. There is a debit entry on October 1st of 120,000 dollars. There is a debit total of 382,800 dollars. In the middle is a machinery chart. There is a dash representing the beginning balance on the debit side. There is a debit entry on July 1st of 162,000 dollars. There is a debit entry on October 1st of 220,000 dollars. There is a debit total of 382,000 dollars. On the right is a building chart. There is a dash representing the beginning balance on the debit side. There is a debit entry on July 1st of 490,000 dollars. There is a debit entry on October 1st of 600,000 dollars. There is a debit total of 1,090,000 dollars.

In addition to the GL, we would have subsidiary ledgers or lists for each control account that would match the total but would give details of each asset. These lists would include but not be limited to location; purchase date; purchase price; description; and, as we’ll see in the next section, the useful life, method of depreciation, accumulated depreciation, and a host of other information (e.g., serial number, internal tracking number, department, etc.).