{"id":1891,"date":"2023-04-17T15:31:46","date_gmt":"2023-04-17T15:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1891"},"modified":"2024-10-18T20:54:43","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T20:54:43","slug":"advanced-experimental-design-learn-it-1","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/chapter\/advanced-experimental-design-learn-it-1\/","title":{"raw":"Advanced Experimental Design: Learn It 1","rendered":"Advanced Experimental Design: Learn It 1"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Review an experiment and explain if it has been designed well<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Use randomized block design to create a hypothetical experiment to answer a research question<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2>Well-Designed Experiment<\/h2>\r\n<p>The core purpose of conducting an experiment is to establish a cause-and-effect link between two distinct variables. Key elements within this process include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Independent Variable (Factor of Interest):<\/strong> This is the variable that we adjust to observe if it has an influence on another variable.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Dependent Variable (Response Factor):<\/strong> This is the outcome variable that we believe is altered as a result of changes in the independent variable.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>These components are fundamental in experimental research for tracing the effects of one variable on another.<\/p>\r\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\">\r\n<div>\r\n<h3>independent and dependent variables<\/h3>\r\n<p>The <strong>independent variable<\/strong> is manipulated to observe its effect on the outcome, while the <strong>dependent variable<\/strong> is the outcome that is measured, reflecting the impact of the independent variable. Together, they are critical for discerning cause-and-effect in scientific studies.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1]719[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>\r\n<p>In an experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The different values of the explanatory variable are called\u00a0<strong>treatments<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Treatments <\/strong>are\u00a0experimental conditions into which the participants are divided, some into the a group receiving the treatment of interest and others into a control group that does not receive the treatment (a placebo).\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>A <strong>placebo<\/strong> is a harmless version of the treatment that does not contain any active ingredients (e.g., a sugar pill).\u00a0The placebo will typically look, taste, and smell like the treatment of interest or mimic it so that the two treatments appear identical to the subjects; this way the subjects don\u2019t know which they are receiving.<\/p>\r\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\">\r\n<div>\r\n<h3>treatments and placebos<\/h3>\r\n<p><strong>Treatments <\/strong>are experimental conditions into which the participants are divided, some into the group receiving the treatment of interest and others into a control group that does not receive the treatment (a placebo).<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>A <strong>placebo<\/strong>\u00a0is a harmless version of the treatment that does not contain any active ingredients (e.g., a sugar pill).<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<p>The single object or individual to be measured in the experiment is called an\u00a0<strong>experimental unit<\/strong>.\u00a0The experimental units of the whole experiment are split into two groups\u2014one group receives the treatment of interest (this is usually called the <strong>experimental group<\/strong>) and the other group does not. The group that does not receive the treatment of interest or the placebo is the <strong>control group<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<section class=\"textbox proTip\">\r\n<p><strong>Experimental Group versus Control Group<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>The <strong>experimental group<\/strong> is the group which receives the treatment of interest.<\/p>\r\n<p>The <strong>control group<\/strong> does not receive the treatment of interest.<\/p>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question\" hide_question_numbers=1]720[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1]721[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\n<ul>\n<li>Review an experiment and explain if it has been designed well<\/li>\n<li>Use randomized block design to create a hypothetical experiment to answer a research question<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Well-Designed Experiment<\/h2>\n<p>The core purpose of conducting an experiment is to establish a cause-and-effect link between two distinct variables. Key elements within this process include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Independent Variable (Factor of Interest):<\/strong> This is the variable that we adjust to observe if it has an influence on another variable.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dependent Variable (Response Factor):<\/strong> This is the outcome variable that we believe is altered as a result of changes in the independent variable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These components are fundamental in experimental research for tracing the effects of one variable on another.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\">\n<div>\n<h3>independent and dependent variables<\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>independent variable<\/strong> is manipulated to observe its effect on the outcome, while the <strong>dependent variable<\/strong> is the outcome that is measured, reflecting the impact of the independent variable. Together, they are critical for discerning cause-and-effect in scientific studies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm719\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=719&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm719&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<p>In an experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The different values of the explanatory variable are called\u00a0<strong>treatments<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Treatments <\/strong>are\u00a0experimental conditions into which the participants are divided, some into the a group receiving the treatment of interest and others into a control group that does not receive the treatment (a placebo).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>A <strong>placebo<\/strong> is a harmless version of the treatment that does not contain any active ingredients (e.g., a sugar pill).\u00a0The placebo will typically look, taste, and smell like the treatment of interest or mimic it so that the two treatments appear identical to the subjects; this way the subjects don\u2019t know which they are receiving.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\">\n<div>\n<h3>treatments and placebos<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Treatments <\/strong>are experimental conditions into which the participants are divided, some into the group receiving the treatment of interest and others into a control group that does not receive the treatment (a placebo).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A <strong>placebo<\/strong>\u00a0is a harmless version of the treatment that does not contain any active ingredients (e.g., a sugar pill).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p>The single object or individual to be measured in the experiment is called an\u00a0<strong>experimental unit<\/strong>.\u00a0The experimental units of the whole experiment are split into two groups\u2014one group receives the treatment of interest (this is usually called the <strong>experimental group<\/strong>) and the other group does not. The group that does not receive the treatment of interest or the placebo is the <strong>control group<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox proTip\">\n<p><strong>Experimental Group versus Control Group<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The <strong>experimental group<\/strong> is the group which receives the treatment of interest.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>control group<\/strong> does not receive the treatment of interest.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm720\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=720&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm720&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm721\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=721&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm721&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"menu_order":19,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":86,"module-header":"learn_it","content_attributions":[],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1891"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1891\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13905,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1891\/revisions\/13905"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/86"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1891\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1891"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1891"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1891"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/quantitativereasoning\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}