A trapezoid is four-sided figure, a quadrilateral, with two sides that are parallel and two sides that are not. The parallel sides are called the bases. We call the length of the smaller base [latex]b[/latex], and the length of the bigger base [latex]B[/latex]. The height, [latex]h[/latex], of a trapezoid is the distance between the two bases as shown in the image below.
Figure 1. This trapezoid has it’s bases, b and B, and height, h, labeled
The formula for the area of a trapezoid is: [latex]{\text{Area}}_{\text{trapezoid}}=\Large\frac{1}{2}\normalsize h\left(b+B\right)[/latex]. Splitting the trapezoid into two triangles may help us understand the formula. The area of the trapezoid is the sum of the areas of the two triangles.
Figure 2. The trapezoid can be split into two triangles
The height of the trapezoid is also the height of each of the two triangles.
Figure 3. The trapezoid’s height is equal to the height of both triangles
The formula for the area of a trapezoid is:
Figure 4. The formula of the area of the trapezoid
If we distribute, we get:
Figure 5. The trapezoid’s area formula can be split into the areas of both triangles in the trapezoid
properties of trapezoids
A trapezoid has four sides.
Two of its sides are parallel and two sides are not.
The area, [latex]A[/latex], of a trapezoid is [latex]\text{A}=\Large\frac{1}{2}\normalsize h\left(b+B\right)[/latex] .
Find the area of a trapezoid whose height is [latex]6[/latex] inches and whose bases are [latex]14[/latex] and [latex]11[/latex] inches.
Step 1. Read the problem. Draw the figure and label it with the given information.
Step 2. Identify what you are looking for.
the area of the trapezoid
Step 3. Name. Choose a variable to represent it.
Let [latex]A=\text{the area}[/latex]
Step 4.Translate. Write the appropriate formula. Substitute.
If we draw a rectangle around the trapezoid that has the same big base [latex]B[/latex] and a height [latex]h[/latex], its area should be greater than that of the trapezoid. If we draw a rectangle inside the trapezoid that has the same little base [latex]b[/latex] and a height [latex]h[/latex], its area should be smaller than that of the trapezoid.
The area of the larger rectangle is [latex]84[/latex] square inches and the area of the smaller rectangle is [latex]66[/latex] square inches. So it makes sense that the area of the trapezoid is between [latex]84[/latex] and [latex]66[/latex] square inches Step 7. Answer the question. The area of the trapezoid is [latex]75[/latex] square inches.
Vinny has a garden that is shaped like a trapezoid. The trapezoid has a height of [latex]3.4[/latex] yards and the bases are [latex]8.2[/latex] and [latex]5.6[/latex] yards. How many square yards will be available to plant?
Step 1. Read the problem. Draw the figure and label it with the given information.
Step 2. Identify what you are looking for.
the area of a trapezoid
Step 3. Name. Choose a variable to represent it.
Let [latex]A[/latex] = the area
Step 4.Translate. Write the appropriate formula. Substitute.
Step 6. Check: Is this answer reasonable? Yes. The area of the trapezoid is less than the area of a rectangle with a base of [latex]8.2[/latex] yd and height [latex]3.4[/latex] yd, but more than the area of a rectangle with base [latex]5.6[/latex] yd and height [latex]3.4[/latex] yd.
Step 7. Answer the question.
Vinny has [latex]23.46[/latex] square yards in which he can plant.
