{"id":340,"date":"2026-02-16T20:53:36","date_gmt":"2026-02-16T20:53:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=340"},"modified":"2026-02-17T20:37:41","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T20:37:41","slug":"periodic-functions-get-stronger-answer-key","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/chapter\/periodic-functions-get-stronger-answer-key\/","title":{"raw":"Periodic Functions: Get Stronger Answer Key","rendered":"Periodic Functions: Get Stronger Answer Key"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Function<\/h1>\r\n1. The sine and cosine functions have the property that [latex]f(x+P)=f(x)[\/latex] for a certain <em>P<\/em>. This means that the function values repeat for every <em>P<\/em> units on the x-axis.\r\n\r\n3. The absolute value of the constant <em>A<\/em> (amplitude) increases the total range and the constant <em>D<\/em> (vertical shift) shifts the graph vertically.\r\n\r\n7. amplitude: [latex]\\frac{2}{3}[\/latex]; period: 2\u03c0; midline: [latex]y=0[\/latex]; maximum: [latex]y=23[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=0[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=\u221223[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=\\pi[\/latex]; for one period, the graph starts at 0 and ends at 2\u03c0\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004034\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_202.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of (2\/3)cos(x). Graph has amplitude of 2\/3, period of 2pi, and range of [-2\/3, 2\/3].\" \/>\r\n\r\n9. amplitude: 4; period: 2\u03c0; midline: [latex]y=0[\/latex]; maximum [latex]y=4[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{2}[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=\u22124[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=\\frac{3\\pi}{2}[\/latex]; one full period occurs from [latex]x=0[\/latex] to [latex]x=2\u03c0[\/latex]\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004035\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_204.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of 4sin(x). Graph has amplitude of 4, period of 2pi, and range of [-4, 4].\" \/>\r\n\r\n11. amplitude: 1; period: \u03c0; midline: y=0; maximum: y=1 occurs at [latex]x=\\pi[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=\u22121[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{2}[\/latex]; one full period is graphed from [latex]x=0[\/latex] to [latex]x=\\pi[\/latex]\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004037\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_206.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of cos(2x). Graph has amplitude of 1, period of pi, and range of [-1,1].\" \/>\r\n\r\n13. amplitude: 4; period: 2; midline: [latex]y=0[\/latex]; maximum: [latex]y=4[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=0[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=\u22124[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=1[\/latex]\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004039\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_208.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of 4cos(pi*x). Grpah has amplitude of 4, period of 2, and range of [-4, 4].\" \/>\r\n\r\n15. amplitude: 3; period: [latex]\\frac{\\pi}{4}[\/latex]; midline: [latex]y=5[\/latex]; maximum: [latex]y=8[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=0.12[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=2[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=0.516[\/latex]; horizontal shift: \u22124; vertical translation 5; one period occurs from [latex]x=0[\/latex] to [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{4}[\/latex]\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004041\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_210.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of 3sin(8(x+4))+5. Graph has amplitude of 3, range of [2, 8], and period of pi\/4.\" \/>\r\n\r\n17. amplitude: 5; period: [latex]\\frac{2\\pi}{5}; midline: [latex]y=\u22122[\/latex]; maximum: [latex]y=3[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=0.08[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=\u22127[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=0.71[\/latex]; phase shift:\u22124; vertical translation:\u22122; one full period can be graphed on [latex]x=0[\/latex] to [latex]x=\\frac{2\\pi}{5}[\/latex]\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004042\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_212.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of 5sin(5x+20)-2. Graph has an amplitude of 5, period of 2pi\/5, and range of [-7,3].\" \/>\r\n\r\n19. amplitude: 1; period: 2\u03c0; midline: y=1; maximum:[latex]y=2[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=2.09[\/latex]; maximum:[latex]y=2[\/latex] occurs at[latex]t=2.09[\/latex]; minimum:[latex]y=0[\/latex] occurs at [latex]t=5.24[\/latex]; phase shift: [latex]\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{3}[\/latex]; vertical translation: 1; one full period is from [latex]t=0[\/latex] to [latex]t=2\u03c0[\/latex]\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004044\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_214.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of -cos(t+pi\/3)+1. Graph has amplitude of 1, period of 2pi, and range of [0,2]. Phase shifted pi\/3 to the left.\" \/>\r\n\r\n21. amplitude: 1; period: 4\u03c0; midline: [latex]y=0[\/latex]; maximum: [latex]y=1[\/latex] occurs at [latex]t=11.52[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=\u22121[\/latex] occurs at [latex]t=5.24[\/latex]; phase shift: \u2212[latex]\\frac{10\\pi}{3}[\/latex]; vertical shift: 0\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004047\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_216.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of -sin((1\/2)*t + 5pi\/3). Graph has amplitude of 1, range of [-1,1], period of 4pi, and a phase shift of -10pi\/3.\" \/>\r\n\r\n23. amplitude: 2; midline: [latex]y=\u22123[\/latex]; period: 4; equation: [latex]f(x)=2\\sin\\left(\\frac{\\pi}{2}x\\right)\u22123[\/latex]\r\n\r\n25. amplitude: 2; period: 5; midline: [latex]y=3[\/latex]; equation: [latex]f(x)=\u22122\\cos\\left(\\frac{2\\pi}{5}x\\right)+3[\/latex]\r\n\r\n27. amplitude: 4; period: 2; midline: [latex]y=0[\/latex]; equation: [latex]f(x)=\u22124\\cos\\left(\\pi\\left(x\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{2}\\right)\\right)[\/latex]\r\n\r\n29. amplitude: 2; period: 2; midline [latex]y=1[\/latex]; equation: [latex]f(x)=2\\cos\\left(\\frac{\\pi}{x}\\right)+1[\/latex]\r\n\r\n31.\u00a0[latex]\\frac{\\pi}{6},\\frac{5\\pi}{6}[\/latex]\r\n\r\n33.\u00a0[latex]\\frac{\\pi}{4},\\frac{3\\pi}{4}[\/latex]\r\n\r\n35.\u00a0[latex]\\frac{3\\pi}{2}[\/latex]\r\n\r\n37.\u00a0[latex]\\frac{\\pi}{2},\\frac{3\\pi}{2}[\/latex]\r\n\r\n39.\u00a0[latex]\\frac{\\pi}{2},\\frac{3\\pi}{2}[\/latex]\r\n\r\n41.\u00a0[latex]\\frac{\\pi}{6},\\frac{11\\pi}{6}[\/latex]\r\n\r\n47.\r\na. Amplitude: 12.5; period: 10; midline: [latex]y=13.5[\/latex];\r\nb. [latex]h(t)=12.5\\sin\\left(\\frac{\\pi}{5}\\left(t\u22122.5\\right)\\right)+13.5;[\/latex]\r\nc. 26 ft\r\n<h1>Graphs of Other Trigonometric Functions<\/h1>\r\n1. \u00a0Since [latex]y=\\csc x[\/latex] is the reciprocal function of [latex]y=\\sin x[\/latex], you can plot the reciprocal of the coordinates on the graph of [latex]y=\\sin x[\/latex] to obtain the <em>y<\/em>-coordinates of [latex]y=\\csc x[\/latex]. The <em>x<\/em>-intercepts of the graph [latex]y=\\sin x[\/latex] are the vertical asymptotes for the graph of [latex]y=\\csc x[\/latex].\r\n\r\n3.\u00a0Answers will vary. Using the unit circle, one can show that [latex]\\tan(x+\\pi)=\\tan x[\/latex].\r\n\r\n5.\u00a0The period is the same: 2\u03c0.\r\n\r\n6. I\r\n\r\n7. IV\r\n\r\n8. II\r\n\r\n9. III\r\n\r\n11. period: 8; horizontal shift: 1 unit to left\r\n\r\n13. 1.5\r\n\r\n15. 5\r\n\r\n17. [latex]\u2212\\cot x\\cos x\u2212\\sin x[\/latex]\r\n\r\n19.\u00a0stretching factor: 2; period: [latex]\\frac{\\pi}{4}[\/latex]; asymptotes: [latex]x=\\frac{1}{4}\\left(\\frac{\\pi}{2}+\\pi k\\right)+8[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an integer\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163929\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_202.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. There are two vertical asymptotes.\" \/>\r\n\r\n21.\u00a0stretching factor: 6; period: 6; asymptotes: [latex]x=3k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an integer\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163931\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_204.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified cosecant function. Vertical Asymptotes at x= -6, -3, 0, 3, and 6.\" \/>\r\n\r\n23.\u00a0stretching factor: 1; period: \u03c0; asymptotes: [latex]x=\u03c0k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an integer\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163933\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_206.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Vertical asymptotes at multiples of pi.\" \/>\r\n\r\n25.\u00a0Stretching factor: 1; period: \u03c0; asymptotes: [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{4}+{\\pi}k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an integer\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163935\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_208.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Three vertical asymptiotes shown.\" \/>\r\n\r\n27.\u00a0stretching factor: 2; period: 2\u03c0; asymptotes: [latex]x=\u03c0k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an integer\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163937\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_210.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified cosecant function. Vertical asymptotes at multiples of pi.\" \/>\r\n\r\n29.\u00a0stretching factor: 4; period: [latex]\\frac{2\\pi}{3}[\/latex]; asymptotes: [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{6}k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an odd integer\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163939\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_212.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified secant function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-pi\/2, -pi\/6, pi\/6, and pi\/2.\" \/>\r\n\r\n31.\u00a0stretching factor: 7; period: [latex]\\frac{2\\pi}{5}[\/latex]; asymptotes: [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{10}k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an odd integer\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163941\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_214.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified secant function. There are four vertical asymptotes all pi\/5 apart.\" \/>\r\n\r\n33.\u00a0stretching factor: 2; period: 2\u03c0; asymptotes: [latex]x=\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{4}+\\pi k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an integer\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163944\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_216.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified cosecant function. Three vertical asymptotes, each pi apart.\" \/>\r\n\r\n35.\u00a0stretching factor: [latex]\\frac{7}{5}[\/latex]; period: 2\u03c0; asymptotes: [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{4}+\\pi[\/latex]<em>k<\/em>, where <em>k<\/em> is an integer\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163946\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_218.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of a modified cosecant function. Four vertical asymptotes.\" \/>\r\n\r\n37. [latex]y=\\tan\\left(3\\left(x\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{4}\\right)\\right)+2[\/latex]\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163948\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_220.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-pi\/4 and pi\/12.\" \/>\r\n\r\n39. [latex]f(x)=\\csc(2x)[\/latex]\r\n\r\n41. [latex]f(x)=\\csc(4x)[\/latex]\r\n\r\n43. [latex]f(x)=2\\csc x[\/latex]\r\n\r\n45. [latex]f(x)=\\frac{1}{2}\\tan(100\\pi x)[\/latex]\r\n\r\n49. [latex]f(x)=\\frac{\\csc(x)}{\\sec(x)}[\/latex]\r\n\r\n55. a. [latex](\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{2}\\text{,}\\frac{\\pi}{2})[\/latex];\r\nb.\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163954\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_238.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of a half period of a secant function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-pi\/2 and pi\/2.\" \/>\r\nc. [latex]x=\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{2}[\/latex] and [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{2}[\/latex]; the distance grows without bound as |<em>x<\/em>| approaches [latex]\\frac{\\pi}{2}[\/latex]\u2014i.e., at right angles to the line representing due north, the boat would be so far away, the fisherman could not see it;\r\nd. 3; when [latex]x=\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{3}[\/latex], the boat is 3 km away;\r\ne. 1.73; when [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{6}[\/latex], the boat is about 1.73 km away;\r\nf. 1.5 km; when [latex]x=0[\/latex].\r\n\r\n57. a. [latex]h(x)=2\\tan\\left(\\frac{\\pi}{120}x\\right)[\/latex];\r\nb.\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163956\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_240.jpg\" alt=\"An exponentially increasing function with a vertical asymptote at x=60.\" \/>\r\nc. [latex]h(0)=0:[\/latex] after 0 seconds, the rocket is 0 mi above the ground; [latex]h(30)=2:[\/latex] after 30 seconds, the rockets is 2 mi high;\r\nd.\u00a0As <em>x<\/em> approaches 60 seconds, the values of [latex]h(x)[\/latex] grow increasingly large. The distance to the rocket is growing so large that the camera can no longer track it.","rendered":"<h1>Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Function<\/h1>\n<p>1. The sine and cosine functions have the property that [latex]f(x+P)=f(x)[\/latex] for a certain <em>P<\/em>. This means that the function values repeat for every <em>P<\/em> units on the x-axis.<\/p>\n<p>3. The absolute value of the constant <em>A<\/em> (amplitude) increases the total range and the constant <em>D<\/em> (vertical shift) shifts the graph vertically.<\/p>\n<p>7. amplitude: [latex]\\frac{2}{3}[\/latex]; period: 2\u03c0; midline: [latex]y=0[\/latex]; maximum: [latex]y=23[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=0[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=\u221223[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=\\pi[\/latex]; for one period, the graph starts at 0 and ends at 2\u03c0<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004034\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_202.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of (2\/3)cos(x). Graph has amplitude of 2\/3, period of 2pi, and range of [-2\/3, 2\/3].\" \/><\/p>\n<p>9. amplitude: 4; period: 2\u03c0; midline: [latex]y=0[\/latex]; maximum [latex]y=4[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{2}[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=\u22124[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=\\frac{3\\pi}{2}[\/latex]; one full period occurs from [latex]x=0[\/latex] to [latex]x=2\u03c0[\/latex]<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004035\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_204.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of 4sin(x). Graph has amplitude of 4, period of 2pi, and range of [-4, 4].\" \/><\/p>\n<p>11. amplitude: 1; period: \u03c0; midline: y=0; maximum: y=1 occurs at [latex]x=\\pi[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=\u22121[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{2}[\/latex]; one full period is graphed from [latex]x=0[\/latex] to [latex]x=\\pi[\/latex]<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004037\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_206.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of cos(2x). Graph has amplitude of 1, period of pi, and range of [-1,1].\" \/><\/p>\n<p>13. amplitude: 4; period: 2; midline: [latex]y=0[\/latex]; maximum: [latex]y=4[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=0[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=\u22124[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=1[\/latex]<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004039\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_208.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of 4cos(pi*x). Grpah has amplitude of 4, period of 2, and range of [-4, 4].\" \/><\/p>\n<p>15. amplitude: 3; period: [latex]\\frac{\\pi}{4}[\/latex]; midline: [latex]y=5[\/latex]; maximum: [latex]y=8[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=0.12[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=2[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=0.516[\/latex]; horizontal shift: \u22124; vertical translation 5; one period occurs from [latex]x=0[\/latex] to [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{4}[\/latex]<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004041\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_210.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of 3sin(8(x+4))+5. Graph has amplitude of 3, range of [2, 8], and period of pi\/4.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>17. amplitude: 5; period: [latex]\\frac{2\\pi}{5}; midline: [latex]y=\u22122[\/latex]; maximum: [latex]y=3[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=0.08[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=\u22127[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=0.71[\/latex]; phase shift:\u22124; vertical translation:\u22122; one full period can be graphed on [latex]x=0[\/latex] to [latex]x=\\frac{2\\pi}{5}[\/latex]<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004042\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_212.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of 5sin(5x+20)-2. Graph has an amplitude of 5, period of 2pi\/5, and range of [-7,3].\" \/><\/p>\n<p>19. amplitude: 1; period: 2\u03c0; midline: y=1; maximum:[latex]y=2[\/latex] occurs at [latex]x=2.09[\/latex]; maximum:[latex]y=2[\/latex] occurs at[latex]t=2.09[\/latex]; minimum:[latex]y=0[\/latex] occurs at [latex]t=5.24[\/latex]; phase shift: [latex]\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{3}[\/latex]; vertical translation: 1; one full period is from [latex]t=0[\/latex] to [latex]t=2\u03c0[\/latex]<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004044\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_214.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of -cos(t+pi\/3)+1. Graph has amplitude of 1, period of 2pi, and range of [0,2]. Phase shifted pi\/3 to the left.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>21. amplitude: 1; period: 4\u03c0; midline: [latex]y=0[\/latex]; maximum: [latex]y=1[\/latex] occurs at [latex]t=11.52[\/latex]; minimum: [latex]y=\u22121[\/latex] occurs at [latex]t=5.24[\/latex]; phase shift: \u2212[latex]\\frac{10\\pi}{3}[\/latex]; vertical shift: 0<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27004047\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_01_216.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of -sin((1\/2)*t + 5pi\/3). Graph has amplitude of 1, range of [-1,1], period of 4pi, and a phase shift of -10pi\/3.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>23. amplitude: 2; midline: [latex]y=\u22123[\/latex]; period: 4; equation: [latex]f(x)=2\\sin\\left(\\frac{\\pi}{2}x\\right)\u22123[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>25. amplitude: 2; period: 5; midline: [latex]y=3[\/latex]; equation: [latex]f(x)=\u22122\\cos\\left(\\frac{2\\pi}{5}x\\right)+3[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>27. amplitude: 4; period: 2; midline: [latex]y=0[\/latex]; equation: [latex]f(x)=\u22124\\cos\\left(\\pi\\left(x\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{2}\\right)\\right)[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>29. amplitude: 2; period: 2; midline [latex]y=1[\/latex]; equation: [latex]f(x)=2\\cos\\left(\\frac{\\pi}{x}\\right)+1[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>31.\u00a0[latex]\\frac{\\pi}{6},\\frac{5\\pi}{6}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>33.\u00a0[latex]\\frac{\\pi}{4},\\frac{3\\pi}{4}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>35.\u00a0[latex]\\frac{3\\pi}{2}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>37.\u00a0[latex]\\frac{\\pi}{2},\\frac{3\\pi}{2}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>39.\u00a0[latex]\\frac{\\pi}{2},\\frac{3\\pi}{2}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>41.\u00a0[latex]\\frac{\\pi}{6},\\frac{11\\pi}{6}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>47.<br \/>\na. Amplitude: 12.5; period: 10; midline: [latex]y=13.5[\/latex];<br \/>\nb. [latex]h(t)=12.5\\sin\\left(\\frac{\\pi}{5}\\left(t\u22122.5\\right)\\right)+13.5;[\/latex]<br \/>\nc. 26 ft<\/p>\n<h1>Graphs of Other Trigonometric Functions<\/h1>\n<p>1. \u00a0Since [latex]y=\\csc x[\/latex] is the reciprocal function of [latex]y=\\sin x[\/latex], you can plot the reciprocal of the coordinates on the graph of [latex]y=\\sin x[\/latex] to obtain the <em>y<\/em>-coordinates of [latex]y=\\csc x[\/latex]. The <em>x<\/em>-intercepts of the graph [latex]y=\\sin x[\/latex] are the vertical asymptotes for the graph of [latex]y=\\csc x[\/latex].<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00a0Answers will vary. Using the unit circle, one can show that [latex]\\tan(x+\\pi)=\\tan x[\/latex].<\/p>\n<p>5.\u00a0The period is the same: 2\u03c0.<\/p>\n<p>6. I<\/p>\n<p>7. IV<\/p>\n<p>8. II<\/p>\n<p>9. III<\/p>\n<p>11. period: 8; horizontal shift: 1 unit to left<\/p>\n<p>13. 1.5<\/p>\n<p>15. 5<\/p>\n<p>17. [latex]\u2212\\cot x\\cos x\u2212\\sin x[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>19.\u00a0stretching factor: 2; period: [latex]\\frac{\\pi}{4}[\/latex]; asymptotes: [latex]x=\\frac{1}{4}\\left(\\frac{\\pi}{2}+\\pi k\\right)+8[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an integer<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163929\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_202.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. There are two vertical asymptotes.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>21.\u00a0stretching factor: 6; period: 6; asymptotes: [latex]x=3k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an integer<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163931\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_204.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified cosecant function. Vertical Asymptotes at x= -6, -3, 0, 3, and 6.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>23.\u00a0stretching factor: 1; period: \u03c0; asymptotes: [latex]x=\u03c0k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an integer<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163933\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_206.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Vertical asymptotes at multiples of pi.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>25.\u00a0Stretching factor: 1; period: \u03c0; asymptotes: [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{4}+{\\pi}k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an integer<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163935\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_208.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Three vertical asymptiotes shown.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>27.\u00a0stretching factor: 2; period: 2\u03c0; asymptotes: [latex]x=\u03c0k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an integer<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163937\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_210.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified cosecant function. Vertical asymptotes at multiples of pi.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>29.\u00a0stretching factor: 4; period: [latex]\\frac{2\\pi}{3}[\/latex]; asymptotes: [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{6}k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an odd integer<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163939\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_212.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified secant function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-pi\/2, -pi\/6, pi\/6, and pi\/2.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>31.\u00a0stretching factor: 7; period: [latex]\\frac{2\\pi}{5}[\/latex]; asymptotes: [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{10}k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an odd integer<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163941\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_214.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified secant function. There are four vertical asymptotes all pi\/5 apart.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>33.\u00a0stretching factor: 2; period: 2\u03c0; asymptotes: [latex]x=\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{4}+\\pi k[\/latex], where <em>k<\/em> is an integer<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163944\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_216.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified cosecant function. Three vertical asymptotes, each pi apart.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>35.\u00a0stretching factor: [latex]\\frac{7}{5}[\/latex]; period: 2\u03c0; asymptotes: [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{4}+\\pi[\/latex]<em>k<\/em>, where <em>k<\/em> is an integer<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163946\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_218.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of a modified cosecant function. Four vertical asymptotes.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>37. [latex]y=\\tan\\left(3\\left(x\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{4}\\right)\\right)+2[\/latex]<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163948\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_220.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of two periods of a modified tangent function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-pi\/4 and pi\/12.\" \/><\/p>\n<p>39. [latex]f(x)=\\csc(2x)[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>41. [latex]f(x)=\\csc(4x)[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>43. [latex]f(x)=2\\csc x[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>45. [latex]f(x)=\\frac{1}{2}\\tan(100\\pi x)[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>49. [latex]f(x)=\\frac{\\csc(x)}{\\sec(x)}[\/latex]<\/p>\n<p>55. a. [latex](\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{2}\\text{,}\\frac{\\pi}{2})[\/latex];<br \/>\nb.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163954\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_238.jpg\" alt=\"A graph of a half period of a secant function. Vertical asymptotes at x=-pi\/2 and pi\/2.\" \/><br \/>\nc. [latex]x=\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{2}[\/latex] and [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{2}[\/latex]; the distance grows without bound as |<em>x<\/em>| approaches [latex]\\frac{\\pi}{2}[\/latex]\u2014i.e., at right angles to the line representing due north, the boat would be so far away, the fisherman could not see it;<br \/>\nd. 3; when [latex]x=\u2212\\frac{\\pi}{3}[\/latex], the boat is 3 km away;<br \/>\ne. 1.73; when [latex]x=\\frac{\\pi}{6}[\/latex], the boat is about 1.73 km away;<br \/>\nf. 1.5 km; when [latex]x=0[\/latex].<\/p>\n<p>57. a. [latex]h(x)=2\\tan\\left(\\frac{\\pi}{120}x\\right)[\/latex];<br \/>\nb.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3675\/2018\/09\/27163956\/CNX_Precalc_Figure_06_02_240.jpg\" alt=\"An exponentially increasing function with a vertical asymptote at x=60.\" \/><br \/>\nc. [latex]h(0)=0:[\/latex] after 0 seconds, the rocket is 0 mi above the ground; [latex]h(30)=2:[\/latex] after 30 seconds, the rockets is 2 mi high;<br \/>\nd.\u00a0As <em>x<\/em> approaches 60 seconds, the values of [latex]h(x)[\/latex] grow increasingly large. The distance to the rocket is growing so large that the camera can no longer track it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"menu_order":14,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":224,"module-header":"- Select Header -","content_attributions":[],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/340"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/340\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":358,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/340\/revisions\/358"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/224"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/340\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=340"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=340"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/qrpracticepages\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}