{"id":490,"date":"2023-02-27T17:20:48","date_gmt":"2023-02-27T17:20:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=490"},"modified":"2025-08-31T10:28:58","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T10:28:58","slug":"statistical-questions-apply-it-4","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/chapter\/statistical-questions-apply-it-4\/","title":{"raw":"Statistical Questions: Apply It 2","rendered":"Statistical Questions: Apply It 2"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Bad Drivers and Good Questions (continued)<\/h2>\r\n<p>Let's look at the data set included in the \u201cDear Mona, Which State Has The Worst Drivers\u201d article [footnote]https:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/which-state-has-the-worst-drivers\/[\/footnote], in which the data are used to answer a relevant and interesting question. View the <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1RbF21rmfEGtC_KRwyw-VUP-meIlXHU_Ur0fTg6rKNzI\/edit?usp=sharing\">full data set here<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr style=\"font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600;\">\r\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\r\n<td>State<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 5px;\">num_ drivers<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">perc_ speeding<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">perc_ alcohol<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">perc_not_ distracted<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">perc_no_ previous<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">insurance_ premiums<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">losses<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1<\/td>\r\n<td>Alabama<\/td>\r\n<td>18.8<\/td>\r\n<td>39<\/td>\r\n<td>30<\/td>\r\n<td>96<\/td>\r\n<td>80<\/td>\r\n<td>784.55<\/td>\r\n<td>145.08<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>2<\/td>\r\n<td>Alaska<\/td>\r\n<td>18.1<\/td>\r\n<td>41<\/td>\r\n<td>25<\/td>\r\n<td>90<\/td>\r\n<td>94<\/td>\r\n<td>1053.48<\/td>\r\n<td>133.93<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>3<\/td>\r\n<td>Arizona<\/td>\r\n<td>18.6<\/td>\r\n<td>35<\/td>\r\n<td>28<\/td>\r\n<td>84<\/td>\r\n<td>96<\/td>\r\n<td>899.47<\/td>\r\n<td>110.35<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>4<\/td>\r\n<td>Arkansas<\/td>\r\n<td>22.4<\/td>\r\n<td>18<\/td>\r\n<td>26<\/td>\r\n<td>94<\/td>\r\n<td>95<\/td>\r\n<td>827.34<\/td>\r\n<td>142.39<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>5<\/td>\r\n<td>California<\/td>\r\n<td>12<\/td>\r\n<td>35<\/td>\r\n<td>28<\/td>\r\n<td>91<\/td>\r\n<td>89<\/td>\r\n<td>878.41<\/td>\r\n<td>165.63<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>6<\/td>\r\n<td>Colorado<\/td>\r\n<td>13.6<\/td>\r\n<td>37<\/td>\r\n<td>28<\/td>\r\n<td>79<\/td>\r\n<td>95<\/td>\r\n<td>835.5<\/td>\r\n<td>139.91<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>7<\/td>\r\n<td>Connecticut<\/td>\r\n<td>10.8<\/td>\r\n<td>46<\/td>\r\n<td>36<\/td>\r\n<td>87<\/td>\r\n<td>82<\/td>\r\n<td>1068.73<\/td>\r\n<td>167.02<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>8<\/td>\r\n<td>Delaware<\/td>\r\n<td>16.2<\/td>\r\n<td>38<\/td>\r\n<td>30<\/td>\r\n<td>87<\/td>\r\n<td>99<\/td>\r\n<td>1137.87<\/td>\r\n<td>151.48<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>9<\/td>\r\n<td>District of Columbia<\/td>\r\n<td>5.9<\/td>\r\n<td>34<\/td>\r\n<td>27<\/td>\r\n<td>100<\/td>\r\n<td>100<\/td>\r\n<td>1273.89<\/td>\r\n<td>136.05<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>10<\/td>\r\n<td>Florida<\/td>\r\n<td>17.9<\/td>\r\n<td>21<\/td>\r\n<td>29<\/td>\r\n<td>92<\/td>\r\n<td>94<\/td>\r\n<td>1160.13<\/td>\r\n<td>144.18<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1]663[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>\r\n<section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\">\r\n<div>\r\n<h3>data dictionary<\/h3>\r\n<p>A <strong>data dictionary<\/strong> is the format for displaying and describing the variables of a data set. <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nThe variable names are presented in italics, followed by a brief description to give the reader more clarity.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<p>The following seven variables are included in the data set provided in the article.[footnote]bad_drivers: Dear Mona, which state has the worst drivers? (n.d.). RDocumentation. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.rdocumentation.org\/packages\/fivethirtyeight\/versions\/0.6.1\/topics\/bad_drivers[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><em><strong>state<\/strong>: <\/em>All 50 states, plus the District of Columbia<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong><em>num_drivers<\/em><\/strong>: Number of drivers involved in fatal collisions per billion miles<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong><em>perc_speeding<\/em><\/strong>: Percentage of drivers involved in fatal collisions who were speeding<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong><em>perc_alcohol<\/em><\/strong>: Percentage of drivers involved in fatal collisions who were alcohol-impaired<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong><em>perc_not_distracted<\/em><\/strong>: Percentage of drivers involved in fatal collisions who were not distracted<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong><em>perc_no_previous<\/em><\/strong>: Percentage of drivers involved in fatal collisions who had not been involved in any previous accidents<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong><em>insurance_premiums<\/em><\/strong>: Average combined car insurance premiums ($)<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong><em>losses<\/em><\/strong>: Losses incurred by insurance companies for collisions per insured driver ($)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1]664[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>","rendered":"<h2>Bad Drivers and Good Questions (continued)<\/h2>\n<p>Let&#8217;s look at the data set included in the \u201cDear Mona, Which State Has The Worst Drivers\u201d article <a class=\"footnote\" title=\"https:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/which-state-has-the-worst-drivers\/\" id=\"return-footnote-490-1\" href=\"#footnote-490-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a>, in which the data are used to answer a relevant and interesting question. View the <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1RbF21rmfEGtC_KRwyw-VUP-meIlXHU_Ur0fTg6rKNzI\/edit?usp=sharing\">full data set here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600;\">\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>State<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 5px;\">num_ drivers<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">perc_ speeding<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">perc_ alcohol<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">perc_not_ distracted<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">perc_no_ previous<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">insurance_ premiums<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">losses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>Alabama<\/td>\n<td>18.8<\/td>\n<td>39<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>96<\/td>\n<td>80<\/td>\n<td>784.55<\/td>\n<td>145.08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>Alaska<\/td>\n<td>18.1<\/td>\n<td>41<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>94<\/td>\n<td>1053.48<\/td>\n<td>133.93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>Arizona<\/td>\n<td>18.6<\/td>\n<td>35<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>84<\/td>\n<td>96<\/td>\n<td>899.47<\/td>\n<td>110.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>Arkansas<\/td>\n<td>22.4<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>94<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>827.34<\/td>\n<td>142.39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>California<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>35<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>91<\/td>\n<td>89<\/td>\n<td>878.41<\/td>\n<td>165.63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>Colorado<\/td>\n<td>13.6<\/td>\n<td>37<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>79<\/td>\n<td>95<\/td>\n<td>835.5<\/td>\n<td>139.91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>Connecticut<\/td>\n<td>10.8<\/td>\n<td>46<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td>87<\/td>\n<td>82<\/td>\n<td>1068.73<\/td>\n<td>167.02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>Delaware<\/td>\n<td>16.2<\/td>\n<td>38<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>87<\/td>\n<td>99<\/td>\n<td>1137.87<\/td>\n<td>151.48<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>District of Columbia<\/td>\n<td>5.9<\/td>\n<td>34<\/td>\n<td>27<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>1273.89<\/td>\n<td>136.05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>Florida<\/td>\n<td>17.9<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>92<\/td>\n<td>94<\/td>\n<td>1160.13<\/td>\n<td>144.18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm663\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=663&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm663&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<section>\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\">\n<div>\n<h3>data dictionary<\/h3>\n<p>A <strong>data dictionary<\/strong> is the format for displaying and describing the variables of a data set. <\/p>\n<p>The variable names are presented in italics, followed by a brief description to give the reader more clarity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>The following seven variables are included in the data set provided in the article.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"bad_drivers: Dear Mona, which state has the worst drivers? (n.d.). RDocumentation. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.rdocumentation.org\/packages\/fivethirtyeight\/versions\/0.6.1\/topics\/bad_drivers\" id=\"return-footnote-490-2\" href=\"#footnote-490-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><strong>state<\/strong>: <\/em>All 50 states, plus the District of Columbia<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>num_drivers<\/em><\/strong>: Number of drivers involved in fatal collisions per billion miles<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>perc_speeding<\/em><\/strong>: Percentage of drivers involved in fatal collisions who were speeding<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>perc_alcohol<\/em><\/strong>: Percentage of drivers involved in fatal collisions who were alcohol-impaired<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>perc_not_distracted<\/em><\/strong>: Percentage of drivers involved in fatal collisions who were not distracted<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>perc_no_previous<\/em><\/strong>: Percentage of drivers involved in fatal collisions who had not been involved in any previous accidents<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>insurance_premiums<\/em><\/strong>: Average combined car insurance premiums ($)<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>losses<\/em><\/strong>: Losses incurred by insurance companies for collisions per insured driver ($)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm664\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=664&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm664&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-490-1\">https:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/which-state-has-the-worst-drivers\/ <a href=\"#return-footnote-490-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-490-2\">bad_drivers: Dear Mona, which state has the worst drivers? (n.d.). RDocumentation. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.rdocumentation.org\/packages\/fivethirtyeight\/versions\/0.6.1\/topics\/bad_drivers <a href=\"#return-footnote-490-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":13,"menu_order":13,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":375,"module-header":"apply_it","content_attributions":[],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/490"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7015,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/490\/revisions\/7015"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/375"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/490\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=490"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=490"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}