{"id":1432,"date":"2023-06-22T02:23:11","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T02:23:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/chapter\/fishers-exact-test-apply-it-1\/"},"modified":"2025-05-16T23:50:16","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T23:50:16","slug":"fishers-exact-test-apply-it-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/chapter\/fishers-exact-test-apply-it-1\/","title":{"raw":"Fisher's Exact Test \u2013 Apply It 1","rendered":"Fisher&#8217;s Exact Test \u2013 Apply It 1"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Check the conditions for Fisher's Exact Test&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:12801,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;arial&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:9}\">Check the conditions for Fisher\u2019s Exact Test<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Explain the relationship of two qualitative binary variables using Fisher's Exact Test&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:12801,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;arial&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:9}\">Explain the relationship of two qualitative binary variables using Fisher\u2019s Exact Test<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2><strong>Remedies for Assumptions Not Met<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1961\" src=\"https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22022309\/Picture1-1.jpg\" alt=\"A gorilla\" width=\"532\" height=\"356\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p>The International Union for Conservation of Nature\u2019s Red List (IUCN Red List) was established in 1964. Since then, it has evolved to become \u201cthe world\u2019s most comprehensive information source on the global extinction risk of animal, fungus, and plant species.\u201d[footnote]The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (n.d.). Background &amp; history. https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/about\/background-history[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n<div>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1 ]2917[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>\r\n<p>A researcher is interested in determining whether there is an association between where plants live in the subarctic region and their extinction levels, based on the IUCN classifications. The IUCN Red List consists of nine extinction levels, as presented in the following picture[footnote]The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (n.d.). Frequently asked questions. https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/about\/faqs[\/footnote]:<\/p>\r\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1962 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22022310\/content_categories_chart_global_v3.jpg\" alt=\"A flow chart on categories of animals based on extinction risks. From top to bottom (most extinction risk to least extinction risk), the categories are extinct (EX), extinct in the wild (EW), critically endangered (CR), endangered (EN), vulnerable (VU), near threatened (NT), least concern (LC), data deficient (DD), and not evaluated. The threatened categories marked with a red dashed box is CR, EN, and VU. There is adequate data in categories from EX to LC.\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"student12ptnumberlist\" style=\"margin-left: 0in;\">Note that once a species is evaluated and adequate data are available, it may be classified as Least Concern, Near Threatened, Vulnerable, Endangered, Critically Endangered, or Extinct.<\/p>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1 ]2918[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1 ]2919[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Check the conditions for Fisher's Exact Test&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:12801,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;arial&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:9}\">Check the conditions for Fisher\u2019s Exact Test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Explain the relationship of two qualitative binary variables using Fisher's Exact Test&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:12801,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;arial&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:9}\">Explain the relationship of two qualitative binary variables using Fisher\u2019s Exact Test<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2><strong>Remedies for Assumptions Not Met<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1961\" src=\"https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22022309\/Picture1-1.jpg\" alt=\"A gorilla\" width=\"532\" height=\"356\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The International Union for Conservation of Nature\u2019s Red List (IUCN Red List) was established in 1964. Since then, it has evolved to become \u201cthe world\u2019s most comprehensive information source on the global extinction risk of animal, fungus, and plant species.\u201d<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (n.d.). Background &amp; history. https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/about\/background-history\" id=\"return-footnote-1432-1\" href=\"#footnote-1432-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm2917\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=2917&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm2917&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<p>A researcher is interested in determining whether there is an association between where plants live in the subarctic region and their extinction levels, based on the IUCN classifications. The IUCN Red List consists of nine extinction levels, as presented in the following picture<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (n.d.). Frequently asked questions. https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/about\/faqs\" id=\"return-footnote-1432-2\" href=\"#footnote-1432-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1962 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22022310\/content_categories_chart_global_v3.jpg\" alt=\"A flow chart on categories of animals based on extinction risks. From top to bottom (most extinction risk to least extinction risk), the categories are extinct (EX), extinct in the wild (EW), critically endangered (CR), endangered (EN), vulnerable (VU), near threatened (NT), least concern (LC), data deficient (DD), and not evaluated. The threatened categories marked with a red dashed box is CR, EN, and VU. There is adequate data in categories from EX to LC.\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"student12ptnumberlist\" style=\"margin-left: 0in;\">Note that once a species is evaluated and adequate data are available, it may be classified as Least Concern, Near Threatened, Vulnerable, Endangered, Critically Endangered, or Extinct.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm2918\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=2918&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm2918&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm2919\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=2919&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm2919&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-1432-1\">The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (n.d.). Background &amp; history. https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/about\/background-history <a href=\"#return-footnote-1432-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1432-2\">The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (n.d.). Frequently asked questions. https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/about\/faqs <a href=\"#return-footnote-1432-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":8,"menu_order":37,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":1388,"module-header":"apply_it","content_attributions":[],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1432"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6886,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1432\/revisions\/6886"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1388"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1432\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1432"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1432"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}