{"id":1428,"date":"2023-06-22T02:23:07","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T02:23:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/chapter\/fishers-exact-test-learn-it-2\/"},"modified":"2024-02-21T17:23:59","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T17:23:59","slug":"fishers-exact-test-learn-it-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/chapter\/fishers-exact-test-learn-it-2\/","title":{"raw":"Fisher's Exact Test \u2013 Learn It 2","rendered":"Fisher&#8217;s Exact Test \u2013 Learn It 2"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Check the conditions for Fisher's Exact Test&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:12801,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;arial&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:9}\">Check the conditions for Fisher\u2019s Exact Test<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Explain the relationship of two qualitative binary variables using Fisher's Exact Test&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:12801,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;arial&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:9}\">Explain the relationship of two qualitative binary variables using Fisher\u2019s Exact Test<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\">\r\n<h3><strong>Fisher's Exact Test<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p><strong>Fisher's Exact Test<\/strong> (also known as Fisher's Exact Test of Independence) is a statistical significance test used in the analysis of a [latex]2 \\times 2[\/latex] contingency table.<\/p>\r\n<p>It is used to determine\u00a0whether or not there is a significant association between two categorical variables.<\/p>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<p>Let's revisit the motorcycle example.<\/p>\r\n<p>A 2004 study titled \u201cMotorcycle rider conspicuity and crash related injury: case-control study\u201d looked at a similar context and, based on the conclusions of that study[footnote]Wells, S., Mullin, B., Norton, R., Langley, J., Connor, J., Lay-Yee, R., &amp; Jackson, R. (2004, April 10). Motorcycle rider conspicuity and crash related injury: case-control study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 328(7444), 857. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC387473\/[\/footnote], the researcher decides to combine cells from the table below into a two-way table.<\/p>\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"width: 685px;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 102.535px;\">\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 87.1701px;\"><strong>Black helmet<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 88.1076px;\"><strong>White helmet<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 74.9479px;\"><strong>Red helmet<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.017px;\"><strong>Yellow\/orange helmet<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 102.535px;\"><strong>No injury<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 87.1701px;\">8<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 88.1076px;\">4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 74.9479px;\">3<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.017px;\">2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 102.535px;\"><strong>Injured or killed<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 87.1701px;\">20<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 88.1076px;\">2<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 74.9479px;\">1<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 130.017px;\">1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1 ]2913[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>\r\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/lumen-learning.shinyapps.io\/chisquaredtest\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1100\" frameborder=\"no\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><br \/>\r\n[<a href=\"https:\/\/lumen-learning.shinyapps.io\/chisquaredtest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trouble viewing? Click to open in a new tab.<\/a>]<\/p>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1 ]2914[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox recall\">Conditions for using the chi-square test for independence:\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><strong>Independence\/Randomness Condition:<\/strong> The sample from our population should be independent, random sample or independent sample that can be considered representative of the population.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><strong>Large Sample Sizes Condition:<\/strong> The sample sizes need to be large enough so that the expected count in each cell is at least five.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1 ]2915[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Check the conditions for Fisher's Exact Test&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:12801,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;arial&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:9}\">Check the conditions for Fisher\u2019s Exact Test<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Explain the relationship of two qualitative binary variables using Fisher's Exact Test&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:12801,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;arial&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:9}\">Explain the relationship of two qualitative binary variables using Fisher\u2019s Exact Test<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\">\n<h3><strong>Fisher&#8217;s Exact Test<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Fisher&#8217;s Exact Test<\/strong> (also known as Fisher&#8217;s Exact Test of Independence) is a statistical significance test used in the analysis of a [latex]2 \\times 2[\/latex] contingency table.<\/p>\n<p>It is used to determine\u00a0whether or not there is a significant association between two categorical variables.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p>Let&#8217;s revisit the motorcycle example.<\/p>\n<p>A 2004 study titled \u201cMotorcycle rider conspicuity and crash related injury: case-control study\u201d looked at a similar context and, based on the conclusions of that study<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Wells, S., Mullin, B., Norton, R., Langley, J., Connor, J., Lay-Yee, R., &amp; Jackson, R. (2004, April 10). Motorcycle rider conspicuity and crash related injury: case-control study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 328(7444), 857. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC387473\/\" id=\"return-footnote-1428-1\" href=\"#footnote-1428-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a>, the researcher decides to combine cells from the table below into a two-way table.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: auto;\">\n<table class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"width: 685px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 102.535px;\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.1701px;\"><strong>Black helmet<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 88.1076px;\"><strong>White helmet<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 74.9479px;\"><strong>Red helmet<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 130.017px;\"><strong>Yellow\/orange helmet<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 102.535px;\"><strong>No injury<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.1701px;\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 88.1076px;\">4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 74.9479px;\">3<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 130.017px;\">2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 102.535px;\"><strong>Injured or killed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 87.1701px;\">20<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 88.1076px;\">2<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 74.9479px;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 130.017px;\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm2913\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=2913&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm2913&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/lumen-learning.shinyapps.io\/chisquaredtest\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1100\" frameborder=\"no\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><br \/>\n[<a href=\"https:\/\/lumen-learning.shinyapps.io\/chisquaredtest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trouble viewing? Click to open in a new tab.<\/a>]<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm2914\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=2914&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm2914&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox recall\">Conditions for using the chi-square test for independence:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><strong>Independence\/Randomness Condition:<\/strong> The sample from our population should be independent, random sample or independent sample that can be considered representative of the population.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><strong>Large Sample Sizes Condition:<\/strong> The sample sizes need to be large enough so that the expected count in each cell is at least five.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm2915\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=2915&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm2915&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-1428-1\">Wells, S., Mullin, B., Norton, R., Langley, J., Connor, J., Lay-Yee, R., &amp; Jackson, R. (2004, April 10). Motorcycle rider conspicuity and crash related injury: case-control study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 328(7444), 857. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC387473\/ <a href=\"#return-footnote-1428-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":8,"menu_order":35,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":1388,"module-header":"learn_it","content_attributions":[],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1428"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1428\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5580,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1428\/revisions\/5580"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1388"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1428\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1428"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1428"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1428"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}