{"id":1312,"date":"2023-06-22T02:17:24","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T02:17:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/chapter\/null-and-alternative-hypothesis-for-means-background-youll-need-1\/"},"modified":"2025-05-16T22:11:34","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T22:11:34","slug":"null-and-alternative-hypothesis-for-means-background-youll-need-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/chapter\/null-and-alternative-hypothesis-for-means-background-youll-need-1\/","title":{"raw":"Module 12: Background You'll Need 1","rendered":"Module 12: Background You&#8217;ll Need 1"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Construct and describe a histogram for a data set&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:6531,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;4&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:16777215},&quot;10&quot;:2,&quot;11&quot;:4,&quot;14&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0},&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Calibri&quot;}\">Construct and describe a histogram for a data set.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox recall\">A <strong>histogram<\/strong> is a graphical representation of the distribution of a data set, which allows us to observe the overall patterns of the data (the shape of the distributions, central tendency, and spread) and outliers. It is commonly used to understand the frequency or count of observations falling into different intervals.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The horizontal axis of a histogram represents the range of values in the data set, divided into equal-width intervals.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The vertical axis represents the frequency or count of observations that fall within each interval.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2>Ages of Best Actress or Actor Winners from the Oscars<\/h2>\r\n<p>[latex]184[\/latex] observations of the ages of the Best Actress or Actor winners from movies from the Oscars awards ceremonies can be found listed under the data set <strong>Oscars: Age<\/strong> in the statistical tool below.<\/p>\r\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/lumen-learning.shinyapps.io\/eda_quantitative\/ \" width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" frameborder=\"no\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\"><\/span><\/iframe><br \/>\r\n[<a href=\"https:\/\/lumen-learning.shinyapps.io\/eda_quantitative\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trouble viewing? Click to open in a new tab.<\/a>]<\/p>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1]2785[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1]2786[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Construct and describe a histogram for a data set&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:6531,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;4&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:16777215},&quot;10&quot;:2,&quot;11&quot;:4,&quot;14&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0},&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Calibri&quot;}\">Construct and describe a histogram for a data set.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox recall\">A <strong>histogram<\/strong> is a graphical representation of the distribution of a data set, which allows us to observe the overall patterns of the data (the shape of the distributions, central tendency, and spread) and outliers. It is commonly used to understand the frequency or count of observations falling into different intervals.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The horizontal axis of a histogram represents the range of values in the data set, divided into equal-width intervals.<\/li>\n<li>The vertical axis represents the frequency or count of observations that fall within each interval.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Ages of Best Actress or Actor Winners from the Oscars<\/h2>\n<p>[latex]184[\/latex] observations of the ages of the Best Actress or Actor winners from movies from the Oscars awards ceremonies can be found listed under the data set <strong>Oscars: Age<\/strong> in the statistical tool below.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/lumen-learning.shinyapps.io\/eda_quantitative\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"900\" frameborder=\"no\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\"><\/span><\/iframe><br \/>\n[<a href=\"https:\/\/lumen-learning.shinyapps.io\/eda_quantitative\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trouble viewing? Click to open in a new tab.<\/a>]<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm2785\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=2785&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm2785&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm2786\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=2786&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm2786&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":1309,"module-header":"background_you_need","content_attributions":[],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1312"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1312\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6801,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1312\/revisions\/6801"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1309"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1312\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1312"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1312"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}