{"id":1262,"date":"2023-06-22T02:09:46","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T02:09:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/chapter\/connecting-tests-intervals-apply-it-1\/"},"modified":"2025-05-16T03:49:30","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T03:49:30","slug":"connecting-tests-intervals-apply-it-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/chapter\/connecting-tests-intervals-apply-it-1\/","title":{"raw":"Connecting Tests and Intervals: Apply It 1","rendered":"Connecting Tests and Intervals: Apply It 1"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Explain how a confidence interval is related to a two-sided hypothesis test&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:4609,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Calibri&quot;}\">Explain how a confidence interval is related to a two-sided hypothesis test.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2>Labor Market Discrimination<\/h2>\r\n<p>Recall the 2004 study by two University of Chicago economists who wanted to test for labor market discrimination. The investigators created [latex]4,890[\/latex] mock identical resum\u00e9s, which were sent to job placement ads in Chicago and Boston. To gauge market racial discrimination, each resum\u00e9 was randomly assigned either a commonly-white or commonly-black name. The experimenters then measured the proportion of resum\u00e9s from each group (white and black) that received callbacks.<\/p>\r\n<p>The results are summarized in the following table:<\/p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 83.5307%;\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.8956%;\">\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 26.3994%;\"><strong>Commonly-White Names<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.3545%;\"><strong>Commonly-Black Names<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.8812%;\"><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.8956%;\"><strong>Called back<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 26.3994%; text-align: center;\">[latex]246[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.3545%; text-align: center;\">[latex]164[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.8812%; text-align: center;\">[latex]410[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.8956%;\"><strong>Not called back<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 26.3994%; text-align: center;\">[latex]2199[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.3545%; text-align: center;\">[latex]2281[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.8812%; text-align: center;\">[latex]4480[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 17.8956%;\"><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 26.3994%; text-align: center;\">[latex]2445[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.3545%; text-align: center;\">[latex]2445[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 11.8812%; text-align: center;\">[latex]4890[\/latex]<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p>Let [latex]p_1[\/latex]= true proportion of commonly-white named resum\u00e9s that receive a callback.<\/p>\r\n<p>Let [latex]p_2[\/latex]= true proportion of commonly-black named resum\u00e9s that receive a callback.<\/p>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1]962[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Explain how a confidence interval is related to a two-sided hypothesis test&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:4609,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Calibri&quot;}\">Explain how a confidence interval is related to a two-sided hypothesis test.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Labor Market Discrimination<\/h2>\n<p>Recall the 2004 study by two University of Chicago economists who wanted to test for labor market discrimination. The investigators created [latex]4,890[\/latex] mock identical resum\u00e9s, which were sent to job placement ads in Chicago and Boston. To gauge market racial discrimination, each resum\u00e9 was randomly assigned either a commonly-white or commonly-black name. The experimenters then measured the proportion of resum\u00e9s from each group (white and black) that received callbacks.<\/p>\n<p>The results are summarized in the following table:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 83.5307%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.8956%;\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3994%;\"><strong>Commonly-White Names<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.3545%;\"><strong>Commonly-Black Names<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.8812%;\"><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.8956%;\"><strong>Called back<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3994%; text-align: center;\">[latex]246[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.3545%; text-align: center;\">[latex]164[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.8812%; text-align: center;\">[latex]410[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.8956%;\"><strong>Not called back<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3994%; text-align: center;\">[latex]2199[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.3545%; text-align: center;\">[latex]2281[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.8812%; text-align: center;\">[latex]4480[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 17.8956%;\"><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.3994%; text-align: center;\">[latex]2445[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.3545%; text-align: center;\">[latex]2445[\/latex]<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 11.8812%; text-align: center;\">[latex]4890[\/latex]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Let [latex]p_1[\/latex]= true proportion of commonly-white named resum\u00e9s that receive a callback.<\/p>\n<p>Let [latex]p_2[\/latex]= true proportion of commonly-black named resum\u00e9s that receive a callback.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm962\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=962&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm962&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"menu_order":44,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":1205,"module-header":"apply_it","content_attributions":[],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1262"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1262\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6778,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1262\/revisions\/6778"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1205"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1262\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1262"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1262"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}