{"id":1136,"date":"2023-06-22T01:56:38","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T01:56:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/chapter\/inference-basics-apply-it-1\/"},"modified":"2025-05-16T02:35:31","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T02:35:31","slug":"inference-basics-apply-it-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/chapter\/inference-basics-apply-it-1\/","title":{"raw":"Inference Basics: Learn It 1","rendered":"Inference Basics: Learn It 1"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Describe a population and sample of interest&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:4609,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Calibri&quot;}\">Describe a population and sample of interest.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Use technology to find sample statistics from a sampling distribution&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:4609,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Calibri&quot;}\">Use technology to find sample statistics from a sampling distribution.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2><img class=\"wp-image-5221 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22221806\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-8419169-2-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A classroom setting with students engaged in a discussion. In the foreground, a young woman with long dark hair gestures expressively with her hands as she speaks, wearing a pink top. To her left, a young man with curly hair, wearing a grey shirt, rests his chin on his hand, looking attentively towards her. In the background, two more students are visible, one of whom is slightly out of focus. \" width=\"646\" height=\"431\" \/><\/h2>\r\n<h2>Parameters vs. Statistics<\/h2>\r\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\">\r\n<h3>parameters &amp; statistics<\/h3>\r\n<p>In statistics, when we want to describe the characteristics of a sample, we call those values <strong>statistics. <\/strong>However, when we want to describe the characteristics of a population, we call those values <strong>parameters.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>Remember:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>A <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>s<\/strong><\/span>tatistic describes a characteristic of a <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>s<\/strong>ample.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A <strong>p<\/strong>arameter describes a characteristic of a <strong>p<\/strong>o<\/span>pulation.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<p>In 2021, Northern Arizona University (NAU) achieved a federal designation of Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI), when Hispanic student enrollment exceeded [latex]25[\/latex] percent in the university.[footnote]https:\/\/nau.edu\/impact\/hispanic-serving-institution\/[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1]5429[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>\r\n<p>[footnote]https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/institutional-research\/quick-facts\/[\/footnote]For Fall 2022, Northern Arizona University reported the following enrollment data:<\/p>\r\n<table id=\"tablepress-75\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-75 ektron-table-percent ektron-table\">\r\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\r\n<tr class=\"row-19 odd\">\r\n<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>IPEDS Ethnicity\/Race (unduplicated; one value per student)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-2\"><strong>Full-time<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-3\"><strong>Part-time<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-4\"><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"row-20 even\">\r\n<td class=\"column-1\">American Indian\/Alaska Native (3%)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-2\">639<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-3\">202<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-4\">841<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"row-21 odd\">\r\n<td class=\"column-1\">Asian (3%)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-2\">505<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-3\">320<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-4\">825<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"row-22 even\">\r\n<td class=\"column-1\">Black\/African American (3%)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-2\">607<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-3\">226<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-4\">833<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"row-23 odd\">\r\n<td class=\"column-1\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Hispanic\/Latino (25%)<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">5,668<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">1,292<\/span><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">6,960<\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"row-24 even\">\r\n<td class=\"column-1\">Native Hawaiian\/Other Pacific Island (&lt;1%)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-2\">58<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-3\">10<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-4\">68<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"row-25 odd\">\r\n<td class=\"column-1\">Non-resident Alien (International) (3%)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-2\">904<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-3\">40<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-4\">944<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"row-26 even\">\r\n<td class=\"column-1\">Not Specified (3%)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-2\">329<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-3\">434<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-4\">763<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"row-27 odd\">\r\n<td class=\"column-1\">Two or more (5%)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-2\">1,280<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-3\">225<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-4\">1,505<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"row-28 even\">\r\n<td class=\"column-1\">White (55%)<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-2\">12,745<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-3\">2,606<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-4\">15,351<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"row-29 odd\">\r\n<td class=\"column-1\">Total<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-2\">22,735<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-3\">5,355<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"column-4\">28,090<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1]6567[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Describe a population and sample of interest&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:4609,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Calibri&quot;}\">Describe a population and sample of interest.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Use technology to find sample statistics from a sampling distribution&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:4609,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Calibri&quot;}\">Use technology to find sample statistics from a sampling distribution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5221 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22221806\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-8419169-2-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A classroom setting with students engaged in a discussion. In the foreground, a young woman with long dark hair gestures expressively with her hands as she speaks, wearing a pink top. To her left, a young man with curly hair, wearing a grey shirt, rests his chin on his hand, looking attentively towards her. In the background, two more students are visible, one of whom is slightly out of focus.\" width=\"646\" height=\"431\" srcset=\"https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22221806\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-8419169-2-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22221806\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-8419169-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22221806\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-8419169-2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22221806\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-8419169-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22221806\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-8419169-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22221806\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-8419169-2-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22221806\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-8419169-2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22221806\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-8419169-2-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22221806\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-8419169-2-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/06\/22221806\/pexels-rdne-stock-project-8419169-2-350x233.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2>Parameters vs. Statistics<\/h2>\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\">\n<h3>parameters &amp; statistics<\/h3>\n<p>In statistics, when we want to describe the characteristics of a sample, we call those values <strong>statistics. <\/strong>However, when we want to describe the characteristics of a population, we call those values <strong>parameters.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Remember:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>s<\/strong><\/span>tatistic describes a characteristic of a <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>s<\/strong>ample.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A <strong>p<\/strong>arameter describes a characteristic of a <strong>p<\/strong>o<\/span>pulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<p>In 2021, Northern Arizona University (NAU) achieved a federal designation of Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI), when Hispanic student enrollment exceeded [latex]25[\/latex] percent in the university.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"https:\/\/nau.edu\/impact\/hispanic-serving-institution\/\" id=\"return-footnote-1136-1\" href=\"#footnote-1136-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm5429\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=5429&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm5429&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<p><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/institutional-research\/quick-facts\/\" id=\"return-footnote-1136-2\" href=\"#footnote-1136-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a>For Fall 2022, Northern Arizona University reported the following enrollment data:<\/p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-75\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-75 ektron-table-percent ektron-table\">\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-19 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>IPEDS Ethnicity\/Race (unduplicated; one value per student)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><strong>Full-time<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><strong>Part-time<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\"><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-20 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">American Indian\/Alaska Native (3%)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">639<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">202<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">841<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-21 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Asian (3%)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">505<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">320<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">825<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-22 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Black\/African American (3%)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">607<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">226<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">833<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-23 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Hispanic\/Latino (25%)<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">5,668<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">1,292<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">6,960<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-24 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Native Hawaiian\/Other Pacific Island (&lt;1%)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">58<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">10<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">68<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-25 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Non-resident Alien (International) (3%)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">904<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">40<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">944<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-26 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Not Specified (3%)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">329<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">434<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">763<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-27 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Two or more (5%)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">1,280<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">225<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">1,505<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-28 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">White (55%)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">12,745<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">2,606<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">15,351<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-29 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Total<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">22,735<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">5,355<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">28,090<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm6567\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=6567&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm6567&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-1136-1\">https:\/\/nau.edu\/impact\/hispanic-serving-institution\/ <a href=\"#return-footnote-1136-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1136-2\">https:\/\/in.nau.edu\/institutional-research\/quick-facts\/ <a href=\"#return-footnote-1136-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":8,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":1126,"module-header":"learn_it","content_attributions":[],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1136"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6702,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1136\/revisions\/6702"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1126"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1136\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1136"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1136"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introstatstest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}