One-Sample Hypothesis Test for Proportions: Learn It 5

  • Complete a one-sample [latex]z[/latex]-test for proportions from hypotheses to conclusions.
  • Use a P-value to explain the conclusions of a completed [latex]z[/latex]-test for proportions.

one-sample [latex]z[/latex]-test of proportions

  1. Write out the null and alternative hypotheses.
  2. Check the conditions for the hypothesis test. For testing a one-sample [latex]z[/latex]-test for proportions, we require:
    • Large counts: Check that [latex]np\ge10[/latex] and [latex]n(1-p)\ge10[/latex].
    • Random samples/assignment: Check that the sample is a random sample.
    • 10% population size: Check that the sample size, [latex]n[/latex], is less than 10% of the population size, [latex]N[/latex]: [latex]n<0.10(N)[/latex]
  3. Calculate a test statistic.
    • [latex]\text{test statistic}:  z = \dfrac{\stackrel{ˆ}{p}-p}{\sqrt{\frac{p(1-p)}{n}}}[/latex] where [latex]\stackrel{ˆ}{p}[/latex] is the sample statistic and [latex]p[/latex] is the null hypothesis value.

  4. Calculate a P-value.
  5. Compare the P-value to the significance level, [latex]\alpha[/latex], to make a decision.
    Decision Conclusion
    If P-value [latex]\le\alpha[/latex], there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. At the [latex]\alpha\times[/latex]100% significance level, the data provide convincing evidence in support of the alternative hypothesis.
    If P-value [latex]\gt\alpha[/latex], there is not enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. At the [latex]\alpha\times[/latex]100% significance level, the data do not provide convincing evidence in support of the alternative hypothesis.
  6. Write a conclusion in context (e.g., we do/do not have convincing evidence…).
Instead of calculating the test statistic by hand, like we did in the previous example about Internet Access, we can also use statistical software to compute the test statistics and the P-value. 
Step 1: Under Enter Data select Number of Successes.
Step 2: Enter the Sample Size and the # of Successes accordingly.
Step 3: Change the Type of Inference to Significance Test.
Step 4: Enter the Null value and change the Alternative accordingly.

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Try it out with the example below.


One-Sample z-test for Proportions