The links below are designed for print; more screen reader friendly documents can be found on the Students: Additional Lumen Resources page.<\/p>\r\n
Download a PDF of this page here.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n Download the Spanish version here.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n anorexia nervosa<\/strong><\/p>\r\n eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and\/or excessive exercise<\/p>\r\n arousal theory<\/strong><\/p>\r\n if we are underaroused, we become bored and will seek out some sort of stimulation; if we are overaroused, we will engage in behaviors to reduce our arousal<\/p>\r\n asexual<\/strong><\/p>\r\n individuals who do not experience sexual attraction or have little or no interest in sexual activity<\/p>\r\n automatic emotional regulation (AER)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n the process by which an individual's emotional response to a stimulus is automatically regulated by the brain without conscious effort or control<\/p>\r\n bariatric surgery<\/strong><\/p>\r\n a type of surgery specifically aimed at weight reduction\u00a0involving a modification of\u00a0the gastrointestinal system to reduce the amount of food that can be eaten and\/or limiting how much of the digested food can be absorbed<\/p>\r\n basolateral complex<\/strong><\/p>\r\n part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory<\/p>\r\n binge eating disorder<\/strong><\/p>\r\n type of eating disorder characterized by binge eating and associated distress<\/p>\r\n bisexual<\/strong><\/p>\r\n emotional and erotic attraction both to same-sexed individuals and individuals of another sex<\/span><\/p>\r\n body language<\/strong><\/p>\r\n emotional expression through body position or movement<\/p>\r\n body mass index (BMI)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n a widely used measurement system for assessing whether an individual's weight is healthy for their height, calculated by dividing an individual's weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared<\/p>\r\n bulimia nervosa<\/strong><\/p>\r\n type of eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging<\/p>\r\n Cannon-Bard theory of emotion<\/strong><\/p>\r\n physiological arousal and emotional experience occur at the same time<\/p>\r\n central nucleus<\/strong><\/p>\r\n part of the brain involved in attention and has connections with the hypothalamus and various brainstem areas to regulate the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems\u2019 activity<\/p>\r\n cisgender<\/strong><\/p>\r\n an umbrella term used to describe people whose sense of personal identity and gender corresponds with their sex assigned at birth<\/p>\r\n cognitive-mediational theory<\/strong><\/p>\r\n our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus<\/p>\r\n components of emotion<\/strong><\/p>\r\n physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experience<\/p>\r\n cultural display rule<\/strong><\/p>\r\n one of the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of emotions that are acceptable<\/p>\r\n demisexual<\/strong><\/p>\r\n individuals who require an emotional connection in order to develop sexual attraction<\/p>\r\n distorted body image<\/strong><\/p>\r\n individuals view themselves as overweight even though they are not<\/p>\r\n drive theory<\/strong><\/p>\r\n deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and ultimately bring the system back to homeostasis<\/p>\r\n emotion<\/strong><\/p>\r\n subjective state of being often described as feelings<\/p>\r\n excitement<\/strong><\/p>\r\n phase of the sexual response cycle that involves sexual arousal<\/p>\r\n extrinsic motivation<\/strong><\/p>\r\n motivation that arises from external factors or rewards<\/p>\r\n facial feedback hypothesis<\/strong><\/p>\r\n facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions<\/p>\r\n fixed mindset<\/strong><\/p>\r\n people with a fixed mindset tend to think of intelligence as an \u201centity\u201d\u2014something that is part of a person\u2019s essential self; the belief that intelligence does not change much regardless of what we do or experience<\/p>\r\n gender-affirming hormone therapy<\/strong><\/p>\r\n use of hormones to make one\u2019s body look more like another sex<\/p>\r\n gender dysphoria<\/strong><\/p>\r\n diagnostic category in DSM-5 for individuals who do not identify as the gender associated with their sex assigned at birth<\/p>\r\n gender identity<\/strong><\/p>\r\n an individual\u2019s sense of being male, female, or another gender<\/p>\r\n growth mindset<\/strong><\/p>\r\n people with a growth mindset tend to think of intelligence as being \u201cincremental\u201d\u2014a quality that can change for better or worse depending on what we do and the experiences we have<\/p>\r\n habit<\/strong><\/p>\r\n a pattern of behavior we engage in\u00a0regularly\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n heterosexual<\/strong><\/p>\r\n emotional and erotic attractions to individuals of another sex, also referred to as \"straight\"<\/p>\r\n hierarchy of needs<\/strong><\/p>\r\n spectrum of needs ranging from basic biological needs to social needs to self-actualization<\/p>\r\n homosexual<\/strong><\/p>\r\n emotional and erotic attractions to individuals of the same sex, also referred to as \"gay\", or \"lesbian\"<\/p>\r\n instinct<\/strong><\/p>\r\n species-specific pattern of behavior that is\u00a0not learned\u00a0through experience<\/p>\r\n intrinsic motivation<\/strong><\/p>\r\n motivation based on internal feelings rather than external rewards<\/p>\r\n James-Lange theory of emotion<\/strong><\/p>\r\n emotions arise from physiological arousal<\/p>\r\n leptin<\/strong><\/p>\r\n satiety hormone; a hormone produced by fat cells that helps regulate appetite and energy balance by signaling the brain about the body's fat storage levels<\/p>\r\n metabolic rate<\/strong><\/p>\r\n amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time<\/p>\r\n motivation<\/strong><\/p>\r\n wants or needs that direct behavior toward some goal<\/p>\r\n obese<\/strong><\/p>\r\n adult with a BMI of 30 or higher<\/p>\r\n orgasm<\/strong><\/p>\r\n peak phase of the sexual response cycle associated with rhythmic muscle contractions (and ejaculation)<\/p>\r\n overjustification effect<\/strong><\/p>\r\n intrinsic motivation is diminished when extrinsic motivation is given<\/p>\r\n overweight<\/strong><\/p>\r\n adult with a BMI between 25 and 29.9<\/p>\r\n pansexual<\/strong><\/p>\r\n individuals who experience attraction in which sex, gender identity, or gender expression do not play a role<\/p>\r\n plateau<\/strong><\/p>\r\n phase of the sexual response cycle that falls between excitement and orgasm<\/p>\r\n polygraph<\/strong><\/p>\r\n lie detector test that measures physiological arousal of individuals as they answer a series of questions<\/p>\r\n polysexual<\/strong><\/p>\r\n individuals who experience attraction to many, but not all genders. Sometimes used instead of bisexual<\/p>\r\n refractory period<\/strong><\/p>\r\n time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm<\/p>\r\n resolution<\/strong><\/p>\r\n phase of the sexual response cycle following orgasm during which the body returns to its unaroused state<\/p>\r\n satiation<\/strong><\/p>\r\n fullness; satisfaction<\/p>\r\n Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion<\/strong><\/p>\r\n emotions consist of two factors: physiological and cognitive<\/p>\r\n self-efficacy<\/strong><\/p>\r\n individual\u2019s belief in his own capabilities or capacities to complete a task<\/p>\r\n set point theory<\/strong><\/p>\r\n assertion that each individual has an ideal body weight, or set point, that is resistant to change<\/p>\r\n sex assigned at birth<\/strong><\/p>\r\n how one's anatomy, physiology, hormones, and genetics are classified (typically as male, female, or intersex)<\/p>\r\n sexuality<\/strong><\/p>\r\n people's sexual interest in and attraction to others; it is the capacity to have erotic or sexual feelings and experiences<\/p>\r\n sexual orientation<\/strong><\/p>\r\n one's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex or gender<\/p>\r\n social motives<\/strong><\/p>\r\n needs for achievement, affiliation, and intimacy<\/p>\r\n transgender<\/strong><\/p>\r\n a term used to describe people whose sense of personal identity does not correspond with their birth sex<\/p>\r\n Yerkes-Dodson law<\/strong><\/p>\r\n simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, while complex tasks are best performed when arousal is lower<\/p>","rendered":" The links below are designed for print; more screen reader friendly documents can be found on the Students: Additional Lumen Resources page.<\/p>\nEssential Concepts<\/h2>\r\n
Theories of Motivation<\/h3>\r\n
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Mindsets<\/h3>\r\n
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Hunger and Eating<\/h3>\r\n
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Sexual Behavior<\/h3>\r\n
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Emotion<\/h3>\r\n
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Glossary<\/h2>\r\n