{"id":53,"date":"2023-01-19T17:09:47","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T17:09:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/chapter\/2-5-fresh-take\/"},"modified":"2023-08-20T22:21:56","modified_gmt":"2023-08-20T22:21:56","slug":"2-5-fresh-take","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/chapter\/2-5-fresh-take\/","title":{"raw":"Statistical Thinking: Fresh Take","rendered":"Statistical Thinking: Fresh Take"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Explain how statistics help to examine data<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain statistical significance and p-values<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain reliability and validity<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Understand how to read a research article<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2>Statistics and Statistical Significance<\/h2>\r\nIn many research studies, the primary question of interest concerns differences between groups. Then the question becomes how were the groups formed. In some studies, the researchers actively form the groups themselves. But then we have a similar question\u2014could any differences we observe in the groups be an artifact of that group-formation process? Or maybe the difference we observe in the groups is so large that we can discount a \u201cfluke\u201d in the group formation process as a reasonable explanation for what we find? In other words, are the results statistically significant?\r\n\r\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\"><iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=10498115&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=yH0S7pYk7Cw&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-5y0gomhv-yH0S7pYk7Cw\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe>\r\nYou can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/Using+Statistics+in+Psychology+%7C+Psychology.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cUsing Statistics in Psychology | Psychology\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/section>\r\n<h2>Reliability and Validity<\/h2>\r\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\">Watch this video until the 1:35 minute mark to review the key definitions and concepts related to reliability and validity, or continue watching to learn more details about validity.<iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=10498116&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=Nk2OmH6yeLI&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-me8cw29o-Nk2OmH6yeLI\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe>\r\nYou can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/2.3+Criteria+validity+and+reliability+Quantitative+methods+The+Scientific+Method+UvA.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201c2.3 Criteria: validity and reliability | Quantitative methods | The Scientific Method | UvA\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/section>\r\n<h2>Reading Research<\/h2>\r\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\">Watch this video for a breakdown on analyzing a psychology journal article.<iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=10498117&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=m5Qsfh2t1lk&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-wxl6m1ll-m5Qsfh2t1lk\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe>\r\nYou can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/How+to+Read+an+Empirical+Psychology+Journal+Article+-+Part+1.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cHow to Read an Empirical Psychology Journal Article - Part 1\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/section>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\n<ul>\n<li>Explain how statistics help to examine data<\/li>\n<li>Explain statistical significance and p-values<\/li>\n<li>Explain reliability and validity<\/li>\n<li>Understand how to read a research article<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Statistics and Statistical Significance<\/h2>\n<p>In many research studies, the primary question of interest concerns differences between groups. Then the question becomes how were the groups formed. In some studies, the researchers actively form the groups themselves. But then we have a similar question\u2014could any differences we observe in the groups be an artifact of that group-formation process? Or maybe the difference we observe in the groups is so large that we can discount a \u201cfluke\u201d in the group formation process as a reasonable explanation for what we find? In other words, are the results statistically significant?<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=10498115&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=yH0S7pYk7Cw&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-5y0gomhv-yH0S7pYk7Cw\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nYou can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/Using+Statistics+in+Psychology+%7C+Psychology.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cUsing Statistics in Psychology | Psychology\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/section>\n<h2>Reliability and Validity<\/h2>\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\">Watch this video until the 1:35 minute mark to review the key definitions and concepts related to reliability and validity, or continue watching to learn more details about validity.<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=10498116&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=Nk2OmH6yeLI&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-me8cw29o-Nk2OmH6yeLI\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nYou can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/2.3+Criteria+validity+and+reliability+Quantitative+methods+The+Scientific+Method+UvA.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201c2.3 Criteria: validity and reliability | Quantitative methods | The Scientific Method | UvA\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/section>\n<h2>Reading Research<\/h2>\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\">Watch this video for a breakdown on analyzing a psychology journal article.<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=10498117&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=m5Qsfh2t1lk&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-wxl6m1ll-m5Qsfh2t1lk\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nYou can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/How+to+Read+an+Empirical+Psychology+Journal+Article+-+Part+1.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cHow to Read an Empirical Psychology Journal Article &#8211; Part 1\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/section>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":29,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Statistical Thinking\",\"author\":\"Beth Chance and Allan Rossman \",\"organization\":\"California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/nobaproject.com\/modules\/statistical-thinking\",\"project\":\"The Noba Project\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Using Statistics in Psychology \",\"author\":\"Dr. Brooke Miller\",\"organization\":\"Course Hero\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yH0S7pYk7Cw\",\"project\":\"Psychology\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"2.3 Criteria: validity and reliability | Quantitative methods | The Scientific Method |\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"UvA\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Nk2OmH6yeLI\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"How to Read an Empirical Psychology Journal Article - Part 1\",\"author\":\"Kristie Dukewich\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=m5Qsfh2t1lk\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"}]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":22,"module-header":"fresh_take","content_attributions":[{"type":"cc","description":"Statistical Thinking","author":"Beth Chance and Allan Rossman ","organization":"California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo","url":"https:\/\/nobaproject.com\/modules\/statistical-thinking","project":"The Noba Project","license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_terms":""},{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":"Using Statistics in Psychology ","author":"Dr. Brooke Miller","organization":"Course Hero","url":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yH0S7pYk7Cw","project":"Psychology","license":"arr","license_terms":"Standard YouTube License"},{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":"2.3 Criteria: validity and reliability | Quantitative methods | The Scientific Method |","author":"","organization":"UvA","url":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Nk2OmH6yeLI","project":"","license":"other","license_terms":"Standard YouTube License"},{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":"How to Read an Empirical Psychology Journal Article - Part 1","author":"Kristie Dukewich","organization":"","url":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=m5Qsfh2t1lk","project":"","license":"arr","license_terms":"Standard YouTube License"}],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/53"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/53\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5963,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/53\/revisions\/5963"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/22"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/53\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=53"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=53"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=53"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}