{"id":522,"date":"2023-03-03T19:13:04","date_gmt":"2023-03-03T19:13:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/chapter\/8-1-fresh-take\/"},"modified":"2023-09-17T17:07:35","modified_gmt":"2023-09-17T17:07:35","slug":"8-1-fresh-take","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/chapter\/8-1-fresh-take\/","title":{"raw":"Learning and Classical Conditioning: Fresh Take","rendered":"Learning and Classical Conditioning: Fresh Take"},"content":{"raw":"<div data-type=\"note\" data-label=\"Link to Learning\"><section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Describe innate and learned causes for behavior<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain classical conditioning<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Identify the various types of stimuli and responses seen in classical conditioning situations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2>Innate and Learned Causes for Behavior<\/h2>\r\nLearning isn't just about going to school or studying; it also includes unlearned behaviors we naturally pick up, like reflexes and instincts. Let's start by understanding what we mean by \"unlearned behaviors.\"\r\n\r\nUnlearned behaviors, such as a dog shaking off water or birds building nests, are instinctive actions that organisms are born with. <strong>Reflexes<\/strong> are simpler reactions to specific stimuli, like our knee-jerk response or our pupil contracting in bright light. <strong>Instincts<\/strong>, on the other hand, are more complex behaviors triggered by events like maturation or seasonal changes.\r\n\r\nUnlike unlearned behaviors, learning involves change and experience. It's a permanent change in behavior or knowledge that comes from our experiences. Learning allows us to adapt to our environment, and it involves acquiring new knowledge and skills through our experiences. There are several types of learning, including:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Associative learning<\/strong>: this type of learning occurs when we connect events or stimuli that happen together in our environment. For example, in classical conditioning, we learn to associate two events that happen together, like lightning and thunder. When we repeatedly experience lightning before thunder, we start to jump at the sight of lightning because we associate it with the loud noise that follows.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Operant conditioning<\/strong>: this type of learning occurs when we learn to associate our voluntary behaviors with consequences. If a behavior leads to a pleasant consequence, like receiving a treat for sitting, we're encouraged to repeat that behavior. Conversely, if a behavior is punished, we learn to avoid it.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Observational learning<\/strong>: this type of learning occurs when we learn by watching and imitating others. We can learn a lot by observing others' actions, like how to roller skate or perform certain tasks.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThese approaches to learning are part of behaviorism, a field in psychology. However, it's important to know that learning is also studied in other areas, such as memory and cognition. By understanding how learning works, we can better grasp how our behaviors are shaped and how we can adapt and grow through our experiences.\r\n<h2>Classical Conditioning<\/h2>\r\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\">Watch this video for an overview of classical conditioning:[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jd7Jdug5SRc[\/embed]\r\n\r\nYou can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/Pavlov%E2%80%99s+Classical+Conditioning.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cPavlov\u2019s Classical Conditioning\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/section><section class=\"textbox watchIt\">\r\n<div data-type=\"note\" data-label=\"Link to Learning\">\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">View the following video\u00a0to learn more about Pavlov and his dogs:<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div data-type=\"note\" data-label=\"Link to Learning\">\r\n\r\n<iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=1793437&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=573&amp;video_id=hhqumfpxuzI&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-2pawh4fp-hhqumfpxuzI\" width=\"800px\" height=\"500px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe>\r\n\r\nYou can <a href=\"https:\/\/oerfiles.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Psychology\/Transcriptions\/ClassicalConditioningIvanPavlov_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">view the transcript for \"Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov\" here (opens in new window)<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div data-type=\"note\" data-label=\"Link to Learning\">\n<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\n<ul>\n<li>Describe innate and learned causes for behavior<\/li>\n<li>Explain classical conditioning<\/li>\n<li>Identify the various types of stimuli and responses seen in classical conditioning situations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Innate and Learned Causes for Behavior<\/h2>\n<p>Learning isn&#8217;t just about going to school or studying; it also includes unlearned behaviors we naturally pick up, like reflexes and instincts. Let&#8217;s start by understanding what we mean by &#8220;unlearned behaviors.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Unlearned behaviors, such as a dog shaking off water or birds building nests, are instinctive actions that organisms are born with. <strong>Reflexes<\/strong> are simpler reactions to specific stimuli, like our knee-jerk response or our pupil contracting in bright light. <strong>Instincts<\/strong>, on the other hand, are more complex behaviors triggered by events like maturation or seasonal changes.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike unlearned behaviors, learning involves change and experience. It&#8217;s a permanent change in behavior or knowledge that comes from our experiences. Learning allows us to adapt to our environment, and it involves acquiring new knowledge and skills through our experiences. There are several types of learning, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Associative learning<\/strong>: this type of learning occurs when we connect events or stimuli that happen together in our environment. For example, in classical conditioning, we learn to associate two events that happen together, like lightning and thunder. When we repeatedly experience lightning before thunder, we start to jump at the sight of lightning because we associate it with the loud noise that follows.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Operant conditioning<\/strong>: this type of learning occurs when we learn to associate our voluntary behaviors with consequences. If a behavior leads to a pleasant consequence, like receiving a treat for sitting, we&#8217;re encouraged to repeat that behavior. Conversely, if a behavior is punished, we learn to avoid it.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Observational learning<\/strong>: this type of learning occurs when we learn by watching and imitating others. We can learn a lot by observing others&#8217; actions, like how to roller skate or perform certain tasks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These approaches to learning are part of behaviorism, a field in psychology. However, it&#8217;s important to know that learning is also studied in other areas, such as memory and cognition. By understanding how learning works, we can better grasp how our behaviors are shaped and how we can adapt and grow through our experiences.<\/p>\n<h2>Classical Conditioning<\/h2>\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\">Watch this video for an overview of classical conditioning:<iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Pavlov\u2019s Classical Conditioning\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jd7Jdug5SRc?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>You can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/Pavlov%E2%80%99s+Classical+Conditioning.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cPavlov\u2019s Classical Conditioning\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\">\n<div data-type=\"note\" data-label=\"Link to Learning\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">View the following video\u00a0to learn more about Pavlov and his dogs:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-type=\"note\" data-label=\"Link to Learning\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=1793437&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=573&amp;video_id=hhqumfpxuzI&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-2pawh4fp-hhqumfpxuzI\" width=\"800px\" height=\"500px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>You can <a href=\"https:\/\/oerfiles.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Psychology\/Transcriptions\/ClassicalConditioningIvanPavlov_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">view the transcript for &#8220;Classical Conditioning &#8211; Ivan Pavlov&#8221; here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov\",\"author\":\"BullyingNewsVideos\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\" Pavlovu2019s Classical Conditioning\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Sprouts\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jd7Jdug5SRc\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"}]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":512,"module-header":"fresh_take","content_attributions":[{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":"Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov","author":"BullyingNewsVideos","organization":"","url":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI","project":"","license":"arr","license_terms":"Standard YouTube License"},{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":" Pavlovu2019s Classical Conditioning","author":"","organization":"Sprouts","url":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jd7Jdug5SRc","project":"","license":"other","license_terms":"Standard YouTube License"}],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/522"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/522\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6352,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/522\/revisions\/6352"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/512"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/522\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=522"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=522"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}