{"id":410,"date":"2023-03-02T20:16:38","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T20:16:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/chapter\/5-1-apply-it\/"},"modified":"2026-01-28T23:48:13","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T23:48:13","slug":"5-1-apply-it","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/chapter\/5-1-apply-it\/","title":{"raw":"Sensation and Perception: Apply It","rendered":"Sensation and Perception: Apply It"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Define sensation<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Define perception<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"812\" data-end=\"867\"><strong data-start=\"816\" data-end=\"867\">Selective Filter Theory: How We Focus Attention<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p>Psychologist Donald Broadbent (1958) proposed a <em>selective filter theory<\/em> to help explain why we attend to some information and filter out other information. According to this selective filter theory, our ability to perceive information operates like a bottleneck.<\/p>\r\n<p><img class=\"wp-image-5349 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2023\/03\/13111633\/Bottleneck.png\" alt=\"Bottle showing how lots of sensory inputs funnel like through the base of a bottle and then only some is attended to, like those at the neck of the bottle.\" width=\"619\" height=\"136\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>Numerous sensory inputs enter the broadest part of the \u201cbottle\u201d, representing everything our body can <em>sense<\/em> at a given time. However, our <em>perceptual <\/em>store is limited, and cannot process all of that information, so sensory information must be filtered through the much more narrow \u201cneck\u201d of the bottle. Thus, few sensory inputs actually make it through.[footnote]Broadbent, D. (1958). <em>Perception and communication<\/em>. London: Pergamon Press.[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n<p>Related to this theory, Broadbent (1958) developed the dichotic listening task, in which people must attend and respond to stimuli broadcast in one ear while ignoring the information broadcast in the other.<\/p>\r\n<section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\">\r\n<div class=\"watchItDiv\">\r\n<p>Just for fun, you can experience what it\u2019s like to participate in a dichotic listening task for yourself.<\/p>\r\n<p>For this exercise, you will need a pair of headphones. Watch the following video and try your hardest to repeat the second sentence you hear aloud.<br \/>\r\n<iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=10569139&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=-01AL5ZSUMA&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-yuxrmdtl--01AL5ZSUMA\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><br \/>\r\nYou can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/Dichotic+Listening-+Task+1--Wear+Headphones.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cDichotic Listening- Task 1--Wear Headphones\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<p>Testing Broadbent\u2019s original findings that information attended to is better recalled than the information that is ignored, recent research (e.g., Tanaka, 2021) has found that many participants have an ear advantage (i.e., one ear is better equipped to pick up signals than the other).[footnote]Tanaka K, Ross B., Kuriki S., Harashima T., Obuchi C., Okamoto H. (2021). Neurophysiological evaluation of right-ear advantage during dichotic listening. <em>Frontiers in Psychology<\/em>, 12. doi: 10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.696263.[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question height=\"500\"]3987[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\n<ul>\n<li>Define sensation<\/li>\n<li>Define perception<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h3 data-start=\"812\" data-end=\"867\"><strong data-start=\"816\" data-end=\"867\">Selective Filter Theory: How We Focus Attention<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Psychologist Donald Broadbent (1958) proposed a <em>selective filter theory<\/em> to help explain why we attend to some information and filter out other information. According to this selective filter theory, our ability to perceive information operates like a bottleneck.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5349 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2023\/03\/13111633\/Bottleneck.png\" alt=\"Bottle showing how lots of sensory inputs funnel like through the base of a bottle and then only some is attended to, like those at the neck of the bottle.\" width=\"619\" height=\"136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2023\/03\/13111633\/Bottleneck.png 870w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2023\/03\/13111633\/Bottleneck-300x66.png 300w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2023\/03\/13111633\/Bottleneck-768x169.png 768w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2023\/03\/13111633\/Bottleneck-65x14.png 65w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2023\/03\/13111633\/Bottleneck-225x49.png 225w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2023\/03\/13111633\/Bottleneck-350x77.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 619px) 100vw, 619px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Numerous sensory inputs enter the broadest part of the \u201cbottle\u201d, representing everything our body can <em>sense<\/em> at a given time. However, our <em>perceptual <\/em>store is limited, and cannot process all of that information, so sensory information must be filtered through the much more narrow \u201cneck\u201d of the bottle. Thus, few sensory inputs actually make it through.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Broadbent, D. (1958). Perception and communication. London: Pergamon Press.\" id=\"return-footnote-410-1\" href=\"#footnote-410-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Related to this theory, Broadbent (1958) developed the dichotic listening task, in which people must attend and respond to stimuli broadcast in one ear while ignoring the information broadcast in the other.<\/p>\n<section>\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\">\n<div class=\"watchItDiv\">\n<p>Just for fun, you can experience what it\u2019s like to participate in a dichotic listening task for yourself.<\/p>\n<p>For this exercise, you will need a pair of headphones. Watch the following video and try your hardest to repeat the second sentence you hear aloud.<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=10569139&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=-01AL5ZSUMA&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-yuxrmdtl--01AL5ZSUMA\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nYou can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/Dichotic+Listening-+Task+1--Wear+Headphones.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cDichotic Listening- Task 1&#8211;Wear Headphones\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p>Testing Broadbent\u2019s original findings that information attended to is better recalled than the information that is ignored, recent research (e.g., Tanaka, 2021) has found that many participants have an ear advantage (i.e., one ear is better equipped to pick up signals than the other).<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Tanaka K, Ross B., Kuriki S., Harashima T., Obuchi C., Okamoto H. (2021). Neurophysiological evaluation of right-ear advantage during dichotic listening. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. doi: 10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.696263.\" id=\"return-footnote-410-2\" href=\"#footnote-410-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm3987\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=3987&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm3987&source=tnh&show_question_numbers\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-410-1\">Broadbent, D. (1958). <em>Perception and communication<\/em>. London: Pergamon Press. <a href=\"#return-footnote-410-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-410-2\">Tanaka K, Ross B., Kuriki S., Harashima T., Obuchi C., Okamoto H. (2021). Neurophysiological evaluation of right-ear advantage during dichotic listening. <em>Frontiers in Psychology<\/em>, 12. doi: 10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.696263. <a href=\"#return-footnote-410-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"\",\"author\":\"Stephanie Byers for Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Dichotic listening task\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Everything is Language\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-01AL5ZSUMA\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"}]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":402,"module-header":"apply_it","content_attributions":[{"type":"original","description":"","author":"Stephanie Byers for Lumen Learning","organization":"Lumen Learning","url":"","project":"","license":"cc-by","license_terms":""},{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":"Dichotic listening task","author":"","organization":"Everything is Language","url":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-01AL5ZSUMA","project":"","license":"other","license_terms":"Standard YouTube License"}],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/410"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7615,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/410\/revisions\/7615"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/402"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/410\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=410"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=410"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}