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basilar membrane<\/strong><\/p>\r\nthin strip of tissue within the cochlea that contains the hair cells which serve as the sensory receptors for the auditory system<\/p>\r\n
binaural cue<\/strong><\/p>\r\ntwo-eared cue to localize sound<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
binocular cue<\/strong><\/p>\r\ncue that relies on the use of both eyes<\/p>\r\n
binocular disparity<\/strong><\/p>\r\nslightly different view of the world that each eye receives<\/p>\r\n
blind spot<\/strong><\/p>\r\npoint where we cannot respond to visual information in that portion of the visual field<\/p>\r\n
bottom-up processing<\/strong><\/p>\r\nsystem in which perceptions are built from sensory input<\/p>\r\n
chemoreceptors<\/strong><\/p>\r\nrespond to certain types of chemicals either applied externally or released within the skin (such as histamine from an inflammation)<\/p>\r\n
closure<\/strong><\/p>\r\norganizing our perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts<\/p>\r\n
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cochlea<\/strong><\/p>\r\na fluid-filled, snail-shaped structure that contains the sensory receptor cells (hair cells) of the auditory system<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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cochlear implant<\/strong><\/p>\r\nelectronic device that consists of a microphone, a speech processor, and an electrode array to directly stimulate the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain<\/p>\r\n
conductive hearing loss<\/strong><\/p>\r\nfailure in the vibration of the eardrum and\/or movement of the ossicles<\/p>\r\n
cone<\/strong><\/p>\r\nspecialized photoreceptor that works best in bright light conditions and detects color<\/p>\r\n
congenital deafness<\/strong><\/p>\r\ndeafness from birth<\/p>\r\n
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congenital insensitivity to pain (congenital analgesia)<\/strong><\/p>\r\ngenetic disorder that results in the inability to experience pain<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
cornea<\/strong><\/p>\r\ntransparent covering over the eye<\/p>\r\n
crossmodal phenomena<\/strong><\/p>\r\neffects that concern the influence of the perception of one sensory modality on the perception of another<\/p>\r\n
deafness<\/strong><\/p>\r\npartial or complete inability to hear<\/p>\r\n
decibels (dB)<\/strong><\/p>\r\na logarithmic unit of sound intensity<\/p>\r\n
depth perception<\/strong><\/p>\r\nability to perceive depth<\/p>\r\n
double flash illusion<\/strong><\/p>\r\nthe false perception of two visual flashes when a single flash is accompanied by two auditory beeps<\/p>\r\n
electromagnetic spectrum<\/strong><\/p>\r\nall the electromagnetic radiation that occurs in our environment<\/p>\r\n
figure-ground relationship<\/strong><\/p>\r\nsegmenting our visual world into figure and ground<\/p>\r\n
fovea<\/strong><\/p>\r\nsmall indentation in the retina that contains cones<\/p>\r\n
frequency<\/strong><\/p>\r\nnumber of waves that pass a given point in a given time period<\/p>\r\n
Gestalt psychology<\/strong><\/p>\r\nfield of psychology based on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts<\/p>\r\n
good continuation (continuity) <\/strong><\/p>\r\nwe are more likely to perceive continuous, smooth flowing lines rather than jagged, broken lines<\/p>\r\n
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hair cell<\/strong><\/p>\r\nauditory receptor cell of the inner ear<\/p>\r\n
hertz (Hz)<\/strong><\/p>\r\ncycles per second; measure of frequency<\/p>\r\n
inattentional blindness<\/strong><\/p>\r\nfailure to notice something that is completely visible because of a lack of attention<\/p>\r\n
incus<\/strong><\/p>\r\nmiddle ear ossicle; also known as the anvil<\/p>\r\n
inflammatory pain<\/strong><\/p>\r\nsignal that some type of tissue damage has occurred<\/p>\r\n
integrated<\/strong><\/p>\r\nthe process by which the perceptual system combines information arising from more than one modality<\/p>\r\n
interaural level difference<\/strong><\/p>\r\nsound coming from one side of the body is more intense at the closest ear because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes through the head<\/p>\r\n
interaural timing difference<\/strong><\/p>\r\nsmall difference in the time at which a given sound wave arrives at each ear<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
iris<\/strong><\/p>\r\ncolored portion of the eye<\/p>\r\n
just noticeable difference<\/strong><\/p>\r\ndifference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli<\/p>\r\n
kinesthesia<\/strong><\/p>\r\nperception of the body\u2019s movement through space<\/p>\r\n
law of continuity<\/strong><\/p>\r\nsuggests that we are more likely to perceive continuous, smooth flowing lines rather than jagged, broken lines<\/p>\r\n
lens<\/strong><\/p>\r\ncurved, transparent structure that provides additional focus for light entering the eye<\/p>\r\n
loudness<\/strong><\/p>\r\nassociated with the amplitude of the sound wave<\/p>\r\n
malleus<\/strong><\/p>\r\nmiddle ear ossicle; also known as the hammer<\/p>\r\n
McGurk effect<\/strong><\/p>\r\nan effect in which conflicting visual and auditory components of a speech stimulus result in an illusory perception<\/p>\r\n
mechanoreceptors<\/strong><\/p>\r\nrespond to mechanical stimuli, such as stroking, stretching, or vibration of the skin<\/p>\r\n
Meissner\u2019s corpuscle<\/strong><\/p>\r\ntouch receptor that responds to pressure and lower frequency vibrations<\/p>\r\n
M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease<\/strong><\/p>\r\nresults in a degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and an increase in pressure within the inner ear<\/p>\r\n
mere-exposure effects<\/strong><\/p>\r\nthe result of developing a more positive attitude towards a stimulus after repeated instances of mere exposure to it<\/p>\r\n
Merkel\u2019s disk<\/strong><\/p>\r\ntouch receptor that responds to light touch<\/p>\r\n
monaural cue<\/strong><\/p>\r\none-eared cue to localize sound<\/p>\r\n
monocular cue <\/strong><\/p>\r\ncue that requires only one eye<\/p>\r\n
M\u00fcller-Lyer illusion<\/strong><\/p>\r\na visual illusion where a pair of lines may appear to be different lengths, but they are actually the same length<\/p>\r\n
multimodal<\/strong><\/p>\r\nof or pertaining to multiple sensory modalities<\/p>\r\n
multimodal perception<\/strong><\/p>\r\nthe effects that concurrent stimulation in more than one sensory modality has on the perception of events and objects in the world<\/p>\r\n
multimodal phenomena<\/strong><\/p>\r\neffects that concern the binding of inputs from multiple sensory modalities<\/p>\r\n
neuropathic pain<\/strong><\/p>\r\npain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or central nervous system<\/p>\r\n
nociception<\/strong><\/p>\r\nsensory signal indicating potential harm and maybe pain<\/p>\r\n
olfactory bulb<\/strong><\/p>\r\nbulb-like structure at the tip of the frontal lobe, where the olfactory nerves begin<\/span><\/p>\r\nolfactory receptor<\/strong><\/p>\r\nsensory cell for the olfactory system<\/span><\/p>\r\nopponent-process theory of color perception<\/strong><\/p>\r\ncolor is coded in opponent pairs: black-white, yellow-blue, and red-green<\/p>\r\n
optic chiasm<\/strong><\/p>\r\nX-shaped structure that sits just below the brain\u2019s ventral surface; represents the merging of the optic nerves from the two eyes and the separation of information from the two sides of the visual field to the opposite side of the brain<\/p>\r\n
optic nerve<\/strong><\/p>\r\ncarries visual information from the retina to the brain<\/p>\r\n
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Pacinian corpuscle<\/strong><\/p>\r\ntouch receptor that detects transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations<\/p>\r\n
pattern perception<\/strong><\/p>\r\nability to discriminate among different figures and shapes<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\npeak (crest)<\/strong><\/p>\r\nhighest point of a wave<\/p>\r\n
perceptual hypothesis<\/strong><\/p>\r\neducated guess used to interpret sensory information<\/p>\r\n
perception<\/strong><\/p>\r\nway that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced<\/p>\r\n
pheromone<\/strong><\/p>\r\nchemical message sent by another individual<\/p>\r\n
photoreceptor<\/strong><\/p>\r\nlight-detecting cell<\/p>\r\n
pinna<\/strong><\/p>\r\nvisible part of the ear that protrudes from the head<\/p>\r\n
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pitch<\/strong><\/p>\r\nthe frequency of a sound wave that is associated with our perception of that sound<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
place theory of pitch perception<\/strong><\/p>\r\ndifferent portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies<\/p>\r\n
priming<\/strong><\/p>\r\nthe process by which recent experiences increase a trait\u2019s accessibility<\/p>\r\n
proprioception<\/strong><\/p>\r\nperception of body position<\/p>\r\n
proximity<\/strong><\/p>\r\nthings that are close to one another tend to be grouped together<\/p>\r\n
pupil<\/strong><\/p>\r\nsmall opening in the eye through which light passes<\/p>\r\n
retina<\/strong><\/p>\r\nlight-sensitive lining of the eye<\/p>\r\n
rod<\/strong><\/p>\r\nspecialized photoreceptor that works well in low light conditions<\/p>\r\n
rubber hand illusion<\/strong><\/p>\r\nthe false perception of a fake hand as belonging to a perceiver, due to multimodal sensory information<\/p>\r\n
Ruffini corpuscle<\/strong><\/p>\r\ntouch receptor that detects stretch<\/p>\r\n
sensation<\/strong><\/p>\r\nwhat happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor<\/p>\r\n
sensorineural hearing loss<\/strong><\/p>\r\nfailure to transmit neural signals from the cochlea to the brain<\/p>\r\n
sensory adaptation<\/strong><\/p>\r\nthe reduction in sensitivity after prolonged exposure to a stimulus<\/p>\r\n
sensory modalities<\/strong><\/p>\r\na type of sense; for example, vision or audition<\/p>\r\n
signal detection theory<\/strong><\/p>\r\nchange in stimulus detection as a function of current mental state; the ability to identify a stimulus when it is embedded in a distracting background<\/p>\r\n
similarity<\/strong><\/p>\r\nthings that are alike tend to be grouped together<\/p>\r\n
stapes<\/strong><\/p>\r\nmiddle ear ossicle; also known as the stirrup<\/p>\r\n
subliminal message<\/strong><\/p>\r\nmessage presented below the threshold of conscious awareness<\/p>\r\n
synesthesia<\/strong><\/p>\r\nthe blending of two or more sensory experiences<\/p>\r\n
taste bud<\/strong><\/p>\r\ngrouping of taste receptor cells with hair-like extensions that protrude into the central pore of the taste bud<\/p>\r\n
temporal theory of pitch perception<\/strong><\/p>\r\nsound\u2019s frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron<\/p>\r\n
t<\/strong>hermoreceptors <\/strong><\/p>\r\nrespond to cold or hot temperatures<\/p>\r\n
timbre<\/strong><\/p>\r\na sound\u2019s purity, affected by the complex interplay of frequency, amplitude, and timing of sound waves<\/p>\r\n
top-down processing<\/strong><\/p>\r\ninterpretation of sensations is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts<\/p>\r\n
transduction<\/strong><\/p>\r\nconversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential<\/p>\r\n
trichromatic theory of color perception<\/strong><\/p>\r\ncolor vision is mediated by the activity across the three groups of cones<\/p>\r\n
trough<\/strong><\/p>\r\nlowest point of a wave<\/p>\r\n
tympanic membrane<\/strong><\/p>\r\neardrum<\/p>\r\n
umami<\/strong><\/p>\r\ntaste for monosodium glutamate<\/p>\r\n
unimodal<\/strong><\/p>\r\nof or pertaining to a single sensory modality<\/p>\r\n
vertigo<\/strong><\/p>\r\nspinning sensation<\/p>\r\n
vestibular sense<\/strong><\/p>\r\n