{"id":1307,"date":"2023-03-31T17:38:37","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T17:38:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/chapter\/introduction-stress-and-illness\/"},"modified":"2023-09-23T04:21:42","modified_gmt":"2023-09-23T04:21:42","slug":"introduction-stress-and-illness","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/chapter\/introduction-stress-and-illness\/","title":{"raw":"Stress and Illness: Fresh Take","rendered":"Stress and Illness: Fresh Take"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Describe the fight or flight response and general adaptation syndrome<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain what occurs in the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during stress<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe how stress impacts the functioning of the immune system<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe how stress and emotional factors can lead to the development or worsening of cardiovascular disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2>Stress and Illness<\/h2>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nAs stress researcher Robert Sapolsky (1998) describes,\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<blockquote>stress-related disease emerges, predominantly, out of the fact that we so often activate a physiological system that has evolved for responding to acute physical emergencies, but we turn it on for months on end, worrying about mortgages, relationships, and promotions. (p. 6)<\/blockquote>\r\nThe stress response, as noted earlier, consists of a coordinated but complex system of physiological reactions that are called upon as needed. These reactions are beneficial at times because they prepare us to deal with potentially dangerous or threatening situations (for example, recall our old friend, the fearsome bear on the trail). However, health is affected when physiological reactions are sustained, as can happen in response to ongoing stress. A number of studies have demonstrated that stress weakens the functioning of the immune system. Cardiovascular disorders are serious medical conditions that have been consistently shown to be influenced by stress and negative emotions, such as anger, negative affectivity, and depression. Other psychophysiological disorders known to be influenced by stress and emotional factors include asthma and tension headaches.\r\n\r\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\">Watch this CrashCourse video to learn about the various ways stressors can impact our health and our bodies:[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/4KbSRXP0wik?t=292[\/embed]\r\n\r\nYou can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/Emotion%2C+Stress%2C+and+Health_+Crash+Course+Psychology+%2326.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cEmotion, Stress, and Health: Crash Course Psychology #26\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/section><section class=\"textbox watchIt\">To watch an overview of the impact that stressors have on the body, watch this lecture from MIT\u2019s John Gabrieli on stress.<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/z9XQpjNgeBI?list=PL44ABC9278E2EE706\" width=\"853\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe>You can <a href=\"https:\/\/oerfiles.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Psychology\/Transcriptions\/Lec19MIT900SCIntroductionToPsychologySpring2011.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">view the transcript for \"Lec 19 | MIT 9.00SC Introduction to Psychology, Spring 2011\" here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/section>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\n<ul>\n<li>Describe the fight or flight response and general adaptation syndrome<\/li>\n<li>Explain what occurs in the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during stress<\/li>\n<li>Describe how stress impacts the functioning of the immune system<\/li>\n<li>Describe how stress and emotional factors can lead to the development or worsening of cardiovascular disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Stress and Illness<\/h2>\n<div>\n<p>As stress researcher Robert Sapolsky (1998) describes,<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote><p>stress-related disease emerges, predominantly, out of the fact that we so often activate a physiological system that has evolved for responding to acute physical emergencies, but we turn it on for months on end, worrying about mortgages, relationships, and promotions. (p. 6)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The stress response, as noted earlier, consists of a coordinated but complex system of physiological reactions that are called upon as needed. These reactions are beneficial at times because they prepare us to deal with potentially dangerous or threatening situations (for example, recall our old friend, the fearsome bear on the trail). However, health is affected when physiological reactions are sustained, as can happen in response to ongoing stress. A number of studies have demonstrated that stress weakens the functioning of the immune system. Cardiovascular disorders are serious medical conditions that have been consistently shown to be influenced by stress and negative emotions, such as anger, negative affectivity, and depression. Other psychophysiological disorders known to be influenced by stress and emotional factors include asthma and tension headaches.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\">Watch this CrashCourse video to learn about the various ways stressors can impact our health and our bodies:<iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Emotion, Stress, and Health: Crash Course Psychology #26\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4KbSRXP0wik?start=292&#38;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>You can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/Emotion%2C+Stress%2C+and+Health_+Crash+Course+Psychology+%2326.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cEmotion, Stress, and Health: Crash Course Psychology #26\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\">To watch an overview of the impact that stressors have on the body, watch this lecture from MIT\u2019s John Gabrieli on stress.<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/z9XQpjNgeBI?list=PL44ABC9278E2EE706\" width=\"853\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe>You can <a href=\"https:\/\/oerfiles.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Psychology\/Transcriptions\/Lec19MIT900SCIntroductionToPsychologySpring2011.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">view the transcript for &#8220;Lec 19 | MIT 9.00SC Introduction to Psychology, Spring 2011&#8221; here (opens in new window)<\/a>.<\/section>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":15,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Stress and Illness\",\"author\":\"OpenStax College\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/psychology-2e\/pages\/14-3-stress-and-illness\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"Download for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/psychology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Modification, adaptation, and original content\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Lec 19  Introduction to Psychology, Spring 2011\",\"author\":\"John Gabrieli\",\"organization\":\"MIT\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z9XQpjNgeBI&feature=youtu.be&list=PL44ABC9278E2EE706\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Emotion, Stress, and Health: Crash Course Psychology #26\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"CrashCourse\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/4KbSRXP0wik\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"}]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":1292,"module-header":"fresh_take","content_attributions":[{"type":"cc","description":"Stress and Illness","author":"OpenStax College","organization":"","url":"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/psychology-2e\/pages\/14-3-stress-and-illness","project":"","license":"cc-by","license_terms":"Download for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/psychology-2e\/pages\/1-introduction"},{"type":"original","description":"Modification, adaptation, and original content","author":"","organization":"Lumen Learning","url":"","project":"","license":"cc-by","license_terms":""},{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":"Lec 19  Introduction to Psychology, Spring 2011","author":"John Gabrieli","organization":"MIT","url":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z9XQpjNgeBI&feature=youtu.be&list=PL44ABC9278E2EE706","project":"","license":"other","license_terms":"Standard YouTube License"},{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":"Emotion, Stress, and Health: Crash Course Psychology #26","author":"","organization":"CrashCourse","url":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/4KbSRXP0wik","project":"","license":"other","license_terms":"Standard YouTube License"}],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1307"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6416,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1307\/revisions\/6416"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1292"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1307\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1307"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1307"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}