{"id":1276,"date":"2023-03-31T17:38:19","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T17:38:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/chapter\/15-3-apply-it\/"},"modified":"2026-01-20T18:00:11","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T18:00:11","slug":"15-3-apply-it","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/chapter\/15-3-apply-it\/","title":{"raw":"Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies: Apply It","rendered":"Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies: Apply It"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Describe psychoanalysis as a treatment approach<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Describe cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapy as treatment methods<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Explain the basic process and uses of behavior therapy<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Describe systematic desensitization<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox linkToLearning\">This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/cognitive-distortions#discounting-the-positive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Healthline article highlights some cognitive distortions<\/a> that people often use that contribute to their irrational thoughts. Here are a few hightlights:\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Polarized thinking<\/strong>: This is a distortion where people think in extremes, disregarding possible facts in a situation, and seeing things as either black or white, good or bad.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Overgeneralization<\/strong>: When a person extrapolates a single negative event to predict a pattern of endless defeat.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Catastrophizing<\/strong>: This involves assuming the worst-case scenario will happen, often amplifying ordinary worries disproportionately.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Personalization<\/strong>: This refers to taking things personally that aren\u2019t actually connected to or caused by the person in question, and can lead to self-blame and heightened anxiety.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Mind reading<\/strong>: This is the assumption that you know what others are thinking, often presuming negative thoughts about yourself.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Mental filtering<\/strong>: This distortion involves focusing exclusively on the negative aspects and ignoring the positive ones.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Discounting the positive<\/strong>: Similar to mental filtering, this distortion involves disregarding or trivializing positive events or achievements, often attributing them to luck or anomalies.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>\"Should\" statements<\/strong>: This involves applying rigid expectations or pressures on oneself, often based on internalized cultural or societal standards.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Emotional reasoning<\/strong>: This is the belief that your emotions are a reliable indicator of reality, essentially equating feelings with facts.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Labeling<\/strong>: This involves categorizing oneself or others based on a single event or behavior, usually in a negative manner.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question height=\"1100\"]11100[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\"><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZdyOwZ4_RnI\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br \/>\r\nYou can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/How+Does+Cognitive+Behavioral+Therapy+Work_.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cHow Does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Work?\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">[ohm2_question height=\"400\"]11101[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\n<ul>\n<li>Describe psychoanalysis as a treatment approach<\/li>\n<li>Describe cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapy as treatment methods<\/li>\n<li>Explain the basic process and uses of behavior therapy<\/li>\n<li>Describe systematic desensitization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox linkToLearning\">This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/cognitive-distortions#discounting-the-positive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Healthline article highlights some cognitive distortions<\/a> that people often use that contribute to their irrational thoughts. Here are a few hightlights:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Polarized thinking<\/strong>: This is a distortion where people think in extremes, disregarding possible facts in a situation, and seeing things as either black or white, good or bad.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Overgeneralization<\/strong>: When a person extrapolates a single negative event to predict a pattern of endless defeat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Catastrophizing<\/strong>: This involves assuming the worst-case scenario will happen, often amplifying ordinary worries disproportionately.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Personalization<\/strong>: This refers to taking things personally that aren\u2019t actually connected to or caused by the person in question, and can lead to self-blame and heightened anxiety.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mind reading<\/strong>: This is the assumption that you know what others are thinking, often presuming negative thoughts about yourself.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mental filtering<\/strong>: This distortion involves focusing exclusively on the negative aspects and ignoring the positive ones.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Discounting the positive<\/strong>: Similar to mental filtering, this distortion involves disregarding or trivializing positive events or achievements, often attributing them to luck or anomalies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>&#8220;Should&#8221; statements<\/strong>: This involves applying rigid expectations or pressures on oneself, often based on internalized cultural or societal standards.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Emotional reasoning<\/strong>: This is the belief that your emotions are a reliable indicator of reality, essentially equating feelings with facts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Labeling<\/strong>: This involves categorizing oneself or others based on a single event or behavior, usually in a negative manner.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm11100\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=11100&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm11100&source=tnh&show_question_numbers\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1100\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox watchIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZdyOwZ4_RnI\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nYou can view the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/How+Does+Cognitive+Behavioral+Therapy+Work_.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cHow Does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Work?\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm11101\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=11101&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm11101&source=tnh&show_question_numbers\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":13,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"How Does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Work?\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"PsychHub\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZdyOwZ4_RnI&t=100s\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"}]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":1260,"module-header":"apply_it","content_attributions":[{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":"How Does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Work?","author":"","organization":"PsychHub","url":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZdyOwZ4_RnI&t=100s","project":"","license":"other","license_terms":"Standard YouTube License"}],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1276"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7599,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1276\/revisions\/7599"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1260"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1276\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1276"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1276"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}