{"id":1247,"date":"2023-03-31T17:38:03","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T17:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/chapter\/14-4-apply-it\/"},"modified":"2026-01-20T15:50:54","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T15:50:54","slug":"14-4-apply-it","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/chapter\/14-4-apply-it\/","title":{"raw":"Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Apply It","rendered":"Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Apply It"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Describe schizophrenia and categorize its symptoms<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Describe\u00a0genetic, biological, and environmental factors that are associated with the development of schizophrenia<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Identify and differentiate the symptoms and potential causes of various dissociative disorders<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2><b>Case Study: <\/b><b>Aiden's Story<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Aiden is a 23-year-old Navy recruit who is the youngest of five siblings. Several relatives have described Aiden\u2019s biological father as having long-standing \u201codd\u201d behavior and periods of severe suspicion, and Aiden has had little contact with him.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Growing up, Aiden\u2019s home life was highly structured and protective. He describes his mother as loving but very involved in everyday tasks\u2014handling most household responsibilities and decisions. After graduating high school, Aiden joined the Navy because he wanted independence, stability, and a clear structure.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">During training, Aiden struggled with sleep and felt constantly \u201con edge.\u201d Over several weeks, he became increasingly withdrawn and started avoiding his shipmates. He told a friend that some people in his unit were \u201ctesting\u201d him and that he needed to be careful because \u201cthey can read what I\u2019m thinking.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">After a stressful incident during training, Aiden was evaluated at a medical facility. While there, he insisted that staff were recording him and that the facility was \u201ca cover for something bigger.\u201d He reported hearing voices late at night\u2014whispering his name and commenting on what he was doing\u2014especially when he was alone. At one point, he said he saw a figure in the hallway \u201cstanding there watching,\u201d even though no one else saw anyone.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Aiden also stated that he had been chosen for \u201chigh-level clearance\u201d and that his phone calls were being monitored because of what he \u201cknows.\u201d Clinicians diagnosed Aiden with schizophrenia after a full evaluation, including ruling out substance-related and medical causes.<\/p>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">\r\n<p>1. Based on the case, identify <span class=\"s1\"><b>one genetic risk factor<\/b><\/span> and <span class=\"s1\"><b>two environmental or psychological stressors<\/b><\/span> that could have increased Aiden\u2019s risk.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"587175\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]<br \/>\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"587175\"]<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Genetic risk factor:<\/b><\/span> Family history suggestive of psychotic symptoms in Aiden\u2019s biological father, indicating possible genetic vulnerability.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Environmental\/psychological stressors:<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Major life transition and chronic stress associated with Navy training<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Sleep disruption, which can worsen psychotic symptoms<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Social isolation and increased pressure in a highly structured environment[\/hidden-answer]<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">2. Identify <span class=\"s1\"><b>two examples of hallucinations<\/b><\/span> in the case and name the <span class=\"s1\"><b>type<\/b><\/span> (auditory, visual, etc.).<\/p>\r\n<p>[reveal-answer q=\"735009\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]<br \/>\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"735009\"]<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Hearing voices whispering his name and commenting on his behavior \u2192 <span class=\"s1\"><b>auditory hallucinations<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><b><\/b>Seeing a figure watching him in the hallway when no one is present \u2192 <span class=\"s1\"><b>visual hallucination<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>[\/hidden-answer]<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">3. Aiden believes staff are recording him and that people are monitoring his calls because he has \u201chigh-level clearance.\u201d Identify <span class=\"s1\"><b>two delusional themes<\/b><\/span> shown here.<br \/>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"326994\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]<br \/>\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"326994\"]<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Beliefs that staff are recording him or plotting against him \u2192 <span class=\"s1\"><b>persecutory delusions<\/b><b><\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Beliefs about having special status or secret knowledge \u2192 <span class=\"s1\"><b>grandiose delusions<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>[\/hidden-answer]<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">4. List <\/span><b>two positive symptoms<\/b><span class=\"s1\"> and <\/span><b>one possible negative symptom<\/b><span class=\"s1\"> suggested by the case.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>[reveal-answer q=\"63390\"]Show Answer[\/reveal-answer]<br \/>\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"63390\"]<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Positive symptoms:<\/b><\/span> hallucinations, delusions, suspicious\/paranoid thinking<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Possible negative symptom:<\/b><\/span> social withdrawal (asociality), shown by avoiding shipmates<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>[\/hidden-answer]<\/p>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"textbox youChoose\">[videopicker divId=\"tnh-video-picker\" title=\"Choose a video to learn more about schizophrenia or to hear a story about someone's experience with schizophrenia:\" label=\"Select a Video\"]<br \/>\r\n[videooption displayName=\"Lauren's story on living well with schizophrenia\" value=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mND56jYPCRU\"]<br \/>\r\n[videooption displayName=\"Rich's experience with schizophrenia\" value=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=10625742&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=EvN7R1oRuOI&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-jcteunkh-EvN7R1oRuOI\"]<br \/>\r\n[\/videopicker]<\/section>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/My+Experience+with+Schizophrenia_Schizoaffective+Disorder.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">transcript for \u201cMy Experience with Schizophrenia\/Schizoaffective Disorder\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/What's+it+like+to+live+with+schizophrenia.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">transcript for \u201cWhat's it like to live with #schizophrenia?\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/span><\/a><\/p>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\n<ul>\n<li>Describe schizophrenia and categorize its symptoms<\/li>\n<li>Describe\u00a0genetic, biological, and environmental factors that are associated with the development of schizophrenia<\/li>\n<li>Identify and differentiate the symptoms and potential causes of various dissociative disorders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2><b>Case Study: <\/b><b>Aiden&#8217;s Story<\/b><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">Aiden is a 23-year-old Navy recruit who is the youngest of five siblings. Several relatives have described Aiden\u2019s biological father as having long-standing \u201codd\u201d behavior and periods of severe suspicion, and Aiden has had little contact with him.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Growing up, Aiden\u2019s home life was highly structured and protective. He describes his mother as loving but very involved in everyday tasks\u2014handling most household responsibilities and decisions. After graduating high school, Aiden joined the Navy because he wanted independence, stability, and a clear structure.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">During training, Aiden struggled with sleep and felt constantly \u201con edge.\u201d Over several weeks, he became increasingly withdrawn and started avoiding his shipmates. He told a friend that some people in his unit were \u201ctesting\u201d him and that he needed to be careful because \u201cthey can read what I\u2019m thinking.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">After a stressful incident during training, Aiden was evaluated at a medical facility. While there, he insisted that staff were recording him and that the facility was \u201ca cover for something bigger.\u201d He reported hearing voices late at night\u2014whispering his name and commenting on what he was doing\u2014especially when he was alone. At one point, he said he saw a figure in the hallway \u201cstanding there watching,\u201d even though no one else saw anyone.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Aiden also stated that he had been chosen for \u201chigh-level clearance\u201d and that his phone calls were being monitored because of what he \u201cknows.\u201d Clinicians diagnosed Aiden with schizophrenia after a full evaluation, including ruling out substance-related and medical causes.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">\n<p>1. Based on the case, identify <span class=\"s1\"><b>one genetic risk factor<\/b><\/span> and <span class=\"s1\"><b>two environmental or psychological stressors<\/b><\/span> that could have increased Aiden\u2019s risk.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><button class=\"show-answer show-answer-button collapsed\" data-target=\"q587175\">Show Answer<\/button><\/p>\n<div id=\"q587175\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Genetic risk factor:<\/b><\/span> Family history suggestive of psychotic symptoms in Aiden\u2019s biological father, indicating possible genetic vulnerability.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Environmental\/psychological stressors:<\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Major life transition and chronic stress associated with Navy training<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Sleep disruption, which can worsen psychotic symptoms<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Social isolation and increased pressure in a highly structured environment<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"p1\">2. Identify <span class=\"s1\"><b>two examples of hallucinations<\/b><\/span> in the case and name the <span class=\"s1\"><b>type<\/b><\/span> (auditory, visual, etc.).<\/p>\n<p><div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><button class=\"show-answer show-answer-button collapsed\" data-target=\"q735009\">Show Answer<\/button><\/p>\n<div id=\"q735009\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Hearing voices whispering his name and commenting on his behavior \u2192 <span class=\"s1\"><b>auditory hallucinations<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b><\/b>Seeing a figure watching him in the hallway when no one is present \u2192 <span class=\"s1\"><b>visual hallucination<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\">3. Aiden believes staff are recording him and that people are monitoring his calls because he has \u201chigh-level clearance.\u201d Identify <span class=\"s1\"><b>two delusional themes<\/b><\/span> shown here.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><button class=\"show-answer show-answer-button collapsed\" data-target=\"q326994\">Show Answer<\/button><\/p>\n<div id=\"q326994\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Beliefs that staff are recording him or plotting against him \u2192 <span class=\"s1\"><b>persecutory delusions<\/b><b><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Beliefs about having special status or secret knowledge \u2192 <span class=\"s1\"><b>grandiose delusions<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">4. List <\/span><b>two positive symptoms<\/b><span class=\"s1\"> and <\/span><b>one possible negative symptom<\/b><span class=\"s1\"> suggested by the case.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><button class=\"show-answer show-answer-button collapsed\" data-target=\"q63390\">Show Answer<\/button><\/p>\n<div id=\"q63390\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Positive symptoms:<\/b><\/span> hallucinations, delusions, suspicious\/paranoid thinking<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Possible negative symptom:<\/b><\/span> social withdrawal (asociality), shown by avoiding shipmates<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox youChoose\">\n<div id=\"tnh-video-picker\" class=\"videoPicker\">\n<h3>Choose a video to learn more about schizophrenia or to hear a story about someone's experience with schizophrenia:<\/h3>\n<form><label>Select a Video:<\/label><select name=\"video\"><option value=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mND56jYPCRU\">Lauren&#8217;s story on living well with schizophrenia<\/option><option value=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=10625742&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=EvN7R1oRuOI&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-jcteunkh-EvN7R1oRuOI\">Rich&#8217;s experience with schizophrenia<\/option><\/select><\/form>\n<div class=\"videoContainer\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mND56jYPCRU\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p class=\"p1\">You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/My+Experience+with+Schizophrenia_Schizoaffective+Disorder.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">transcript for \u201cMy Experience with Schizophrenia\/Schizoaffective Disorder\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+Psych\/What's+it+like+to+live+with+schizophrenia.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">transcript for \u201cWhat&#8217;s it like to live with #schizophrenia?\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"menu_order":25,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Apply It\",\"author\":\"Antija Allen for Lumen Learning\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"What\\'s it like to live with #schizophrenia?\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"UKRI Stories\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EvN7R1oRuOI\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"My Experience with Schizophrenia\/Schizoaffective Disorder\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Living Well With Schizophrenia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mND56jYPCRU\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Living with Schizophrenia - Ashley\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Johnson & Johnson\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZHpKvmTJOhA\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"other\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"}]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":1222,"module-header":"apply_it","content_attributions":null,"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":[{"divId":"tnh-video-picker","title":"Choose a video to learn more about schizophrenia or to hear a story about someone's experience with schizophrenia:","label":"Select a Video","video_collection":[{"displayName":"Lauren's story on living well with schizophrenia","value":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mND56jYPCRU"},{"displayName":"Rich's experience with schizophrenia","value":"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=10625742&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=EvN7R1oRuOI&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-jcteunkh-EvN7R1oRuOI"}]}],"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1247"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7583,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1247\/revisions\/7583"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1222"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1247\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1247"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1247"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontopsychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}