In this section, you’ve learned about how the central nervous system works by using neurons to relay information throughout the body. Understanding how neurons communicate and how the brain works can provide insights for explaining behavior, but also in how to help those dealing with mental disorders.

How Antidepressants Work

Depression, which has been consistently linked with reduced serotonin levels, is commonly treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). While agonists and antagonists both operate by binding to receptor sites, reuptake inhibitors prevent unused neurotransmitters from being transported back to the neuron. This allows neurotransmitters to remain active in the synaptic cleft for longer durations, increasing their effectiveness. By preventing reuptake, SSRIs strengthen the effect of serotonin, giving it more time to interact with serotonin receptors on dendrites. Common SSRIs on the market today include Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft. Some drugs can act as both antagonists and reuptake inhibitors, called SARIs (serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors). SARIs are also primarily used to treat depression.