{"id":2900,"date":"2023-02-19T16:11:06","date_gmt":"2023-02-19T16:11:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/chapter\/apply-it-5-3-intellectual-property\/"},"modified":"2025-05-12T15:32:46","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T15:32:46","slug":"apply-it-5-3-intellectual-property","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/chapter\/apply-it-5-3-intellectual-property\/","title":{"raw":"Apply It 5.3: Intellectual Property","rendered":"Apply It 5.3: Intellectual Property"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Understand the purpose of intellectual property law&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:15233,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;10&quot;:0,&quot;11&quot;:4,&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;14&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0},&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:10}\">Understand the purpose of intellectual property law<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Understand different types of intellectual property&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:15233,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;10&quot;:0,&quot;11&quot;:4,&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;14&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0},&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:10}\">Understand different types of intellectual property<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2>Copyright Infringement<\/h2>\r\n<p>When you own the copyright to a creative work, like a song or book that you wrote, other people who want to use your work for their own commercial purposes need to first get your permission in most cases. If they don't get your permission, that's stealing and it's called copyright infringement. However, in limited situations called fair use, you don't need the permission of the copyright holder.<\/p>\r\n<p>[embed]https:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=IFhF_tHrj4s&amp;si=EnSIkaIECMiOmarE[\/embed]<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">You can view <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+to+Business\/transcripts\/FairUse.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the <span class=\"s1\">transcript for \u201cFair Use\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<section class=\"textbox connectIt\">\r\n<h3>Author's Dilemma[footnote]Melendez, Pilar. \u201cFamous Author Jane Friedman Finds AI Fakes Being Sold Under Her Name on Amazon.\u201d Daily Beast, August 8, 2023. https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/author-jane-friedman-finds-ai-fakes-being-sold-under-her-name-on-amazon[\/footnote]<\/h3>\r\n<p><img class=\"alignright wp-image-8261\" src=\"https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/02\/09125457\/pexels-castorly-stock-3912236-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"stack of 3 books with a pair of glasses on top\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" \/>Jane Friedman is a journalist and author of books about the publishing industry aimed at aspiring writers. She found books on Amazon covering the same subject matter with her name listed as the author. Friedman speculated that the books were likely generated by artificial intelligence and compared them to pirated books. She complained to Amazon that the books were taking advantage of her name and reputation without her consent but Amazon initially denied her request to take down the offending books. Amazon asked for an itemized list of her concerns as well as the trademark registration for her name.<\/p>\r\n<p>Do these suspected copycat books violate copyright laws?<br \/>\r\n[reveal-answer q=\"847301\"]Click to Show Sample Answer[\/reveal-answer]<br \/>\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"847301\"]There are a number of ethical and legal implications in this situation.<\/p>\r\n<h4>Ethical Issues<\/h4>\r\n<p>The author's name is not particularly unique so it is possible that there are other Jane Friedmans who are also writers. But if the copycat books were put on sale in hopes that buyers would mistake them for Friedman's work, this is a form of deception. It exploits the author's fan base. Further, if the copycat books were generated by using artificial intelligence, using it to replicate an author's style and sell it as original work could be viewed as a kind of plagiarism and an unfair form of competition.<\/p>\r\n<h4>Legal Issues<\/h4>\r\n<p>If the copycat books closely resemble Friedman's work, there could be potential copyright infringement. Copyright law protects an author's original expression, and creating derivative works without permission would be illegal. If Friedman authored fiction books, a copycat book using her characters would be a clear copyright violation. However, because she writes nonfiction books, the text would need to be examined closely to figure this out since she's not the only author who has written books for other writers.<\/p>\r\n<p>Consumer protection laws may apply if people purchased the books under the impression that they were actually written by Friedman, similar to false advertising. There is also a potential identity theft crime if the books are designed to advertise Friedman as the author by using her biographical information or photo.<\/p>\r\n<p>If the sellers of the copycat books intended to deceive buyers, it would most definitely NOT count as a fair use.<\/p>\r\n<p>As a result of this experience, Friedman is exploring whether she can and should trademark her name to protect herself in the future.[\/hidden-answer]<\/p>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2>Trademark Infringement<\/h2>\r\n<section class=\"textbox seeExample\">\r\n<h3>Protecting an Established Brand<\/h3>\r\n<p>Businesses work hard to establish their brands so that customers will recognize them and have positive feelings towards them. In this case, Jack Daniel's, a whiskey manufacturer dating back to 1866,[footnote]Jack Daniel\u2019s. \u201cOur Story.\u201d Accessed December 5, 2022. https:\/\/www.jackdaniels.com\/en-us\/our-story[\/footnote] sued VIP Products for making a humorous, squeaky dog toy that uses some of the design elements of the Jack Daniel's whiskey bottle and label.[footnote]Liptak, Adam. 2022. \u201cMay \u2018Bad Spaniels\u2019 Mock Jack Daniel\u2019s? The Supreme Court Will Decide.\u201d The New York Times, December 5, 2022. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/12\/05\/us\/politics\/bad-spaniels-jack-daniels-dog-toy.html[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n<p>Jack Daniel's argued that the squeaky toys are tarnishing the Jack Daniel's brand, violating its trademark. In response, VIP Products claimed the toy is a humorous parody, basically a joke, and deserves protection due to the First Amendment right of free expression.[footnote]Romoser, James. \u201cJustices Fetch New Case on Trademark Law and Parody - SCOTUSblog.\u201d SCOTUSblog, November 21, 2022. https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/2022\/11\/justices-fetch-new-case-on-trademark-law-and-parody\/[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Do you think the jokes on the dog toy tarnish the Jack Daniel's brand? Would consumers be confused?<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Is there a danger that the dog toy will influence people, including children, to treat alcohol use as a joke?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>[reveal-answer q=\"786330\"]Click to Show Sample Answer[\/reveal-answer]<br \/>\r\n[hidden-answer a=\"786330\"]Businesses have a right to protect their trademarks but as you learned, it's possible for 2 businesses to use the same brand name if there is no likelihood of confusion. A bottle of whiskey is certainly very different than a squeaky dog toy, even if there are a few visual similarities in shape and coloring. In 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the issue of whether consumers might think that Jack Daniel's endorsed or authorized this use, like in a licensing deal, is something that should be decided in a trial. At that trial, the dog toy manufacturer is able to argue that nobody could think that Jack Daniel's is making fun of itself while Jack Daniel's can make the case that the toy's appearance is so similar that consumers are likely to think the two products are related.[footnote]Totenberg, Nina. \u201cSupreme Court Sides with Jack Daniel\u2019s in Trademark Dispute with Dog Toy Maker.\u201d NPR, June 9, 2023. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2023\/06\/08\/1181012952\/supreme-court-jack-daniels-decision[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n<p>In 2025, the trial finally took place. A bench trial was held where the judge decided the case instead of a jury. The judge found that VIP created a successful parody so there would be no confusion by consumers. At the same time, because the parody and VIP's other products made references to dog excrement, the parody tarnished and diluted Jack Daniel's reputation, hurting its value. The court then granted Jack Daniel's an injunction that prevented VIP from continuing to sell the product.[\/hidden-answer]<\/p>\r\n<p><iframe src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=9475151&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=BjOK5x8yX_w&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-75dk3kpc-BjOK5x8yX_w\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+to+Business\/transcripts\/JackDanielsvs.BadSpanielsintheSupremeCourt.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">transcript for \u201cJack Daniel's vs. Bad Spaniels in the Supreme Court\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/section>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Understand the purpose of intellectual property law&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:15233,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;10&quot;:0,&quot;11&quot;:4,&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;14&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0},&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:10}\">Understand the purpose of intellectual property law<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Understand different types of intellectual property&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:15233,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;10&quot;:0,&quot;11&quot;:4,&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;14&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:0},&quot;15&quot;:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;16&quot;:10}\">Understand different types of intellectual property<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Copyright Infringement<\/h2>\n<p>When you own the copyright to a creative work, like a song or book that you wrote, other people who want to use your work for their own commercial purposes need to first get your permission in most cases. If they don&#8217;t get your permission, that&#8217;s stealing and it&#8217;s called copyright infringement. However, in limited situations called fair use, you don&#8217;t need the permission of the copyright holder.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Fair Use\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IFhF_tHrj4s?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">You can view <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+to+Business\/transcripts\/FairUse.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the <span class=\"s1\">transcript for \u201cFair Use\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox connectIt\">\n<h3>Author&#8217;s Dilemma<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Melendez, Pilar. \u201cFamous Author Jane Friedman Finds AI Fakes Being Sold Under Her Name on Amazon.\u201d Daily Beast, August 8, 2023. https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/author-jane-friedman-finds-ai-fakes-being-sold-under-her-name-on-amazon\" id=\"return-footnote-2900-1\" href=\"#footnote-2900-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-8261\" src=\"https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/02\/09125457\/pexels-castorly-stock-3912236-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"stack of 3 books with a pair of glasses on top\" width=\"230\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/02\/09125457\/pexels-castorly-stock-3912236-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/02\/09125457\/pexels-castorly-stock-3912236-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/02\/09125457\/pexels-castorly-stock-3912236-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/02\/09125457\/pexels-castorly-stock-3912236-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/02\/09125457\/pexels-castorly-stock-3912236-65x43.jpg 65w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/02\/09125457\/pexels-castorly-stock-3912236-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/02\/09125457\/pexels-castorly-stock-3912236-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/content-cdn.one.lumenlearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/15\/2023\/02\/09125457\/pexels-castorly-stock-3912236.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>Jane Friedman is a journalist and author of books about the publishing industry aimed at aspiring writers. She found books on Amazon covering the same subject matter with her name listed as the author. Friedman speculated that the books were likely generated by artificial intelligence and compared them to pirated books. She complained to Amazon that the books were taking advantage of her name and reputation without her consent but Amazon initially denied her request to take down the offending books. Amazon asked for an itemized list of her concerns as well as the trademark registration for her name.<\/p>\n<p>Do these suspected copycat books violate copyright laws?<\/p>\n<div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><button class=\"show-answer show-answer-button collapsed\" data-target=\"q847301\">Click to Show Sample Answer<\/button><\/p>\n<div id=\"q847301\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">There are a number of ethical and legal implications in this situation.<\/p>\n<h4>Ethical Issues<\/h4>\n<p>The author&#8217;s name is not particularly unique so it is possible that there are other Jane Friedmans who are also writers. But if the copycat books were put on sale in hopes that buyers would mistake them for Friedman&#8217;s work, this is a form of deception. It exploits the author&#8217;s fan base. Further, if the copycat books were generated by using artificial intelligence, using it to replicate an author&#8217;s style and sell it as original work could be viewed as a kind of plagiarism and an unfair form of competition.<\/p>\n<h4>Legal Issues<\/h4>\n<p>If the copycat books closely resemble Friedman&#8217;s work, there could be potential copyright infringement. Copyright law protects an author&#8217;s original expression, and creating derivative works without permission would be illegal. If Friedman authored fiction books, a copycat book using her characters would be a clear copyright violation. However, because she writes nonfiction books, the text would need to be examined closely to figure this out since she&#8217;s not the only author who has written books for other writers.<\/p>\n<p>Consumer protection laws may apply if people purchased the books under the impression that they were actually written by Friedman, similar to false advertising. There is also a potential identity theft crime if the books are designed to advertise Friedman as the author by using her biographical information or photo.<\/p>\n<p>If the sellers of the copycat books intended to deceive buyers, it would most definitely NOT count as a fair use.<\/p>\n<p>As a result of this experience, Friedman is exploring whether she can and should trademark her name to protect herself in the future.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Trademark Infringement<\/h2>\n<section class=\"textbox seeExample\">\n<h3>Protecting an Established Brand<\/h3>\n<p>Businesses work hard to establish their brands so that customers will recognize them and have positive feelings towards them. In this case, Jack Daniel&#8217;s, a whiskey manufacturer dating back to 1866,<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Jack Daniel\u2019s. \u201cOur Story.\u201d Accessed December 5, 2022. https:\/\/www.jackdaniels.com\/en-us\/our-story\" id=\"return-footnote-2900-2\" href=\"#footnote-2900-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a> sued VIP Products for making a humorous, squeaky dog toy that uses some of the design elements of the Jack Daniel&#8217;s whiskey bottle and label.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Liptak, Adam. 2022. \u201cMay \u2018Bad Spaniels\u2019 Mock Jack Daniel\u2019s? The Supreme Court Will Decide.\u201d The New York Times, December 5, 2022. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/12\/05\/us\/politics\/bad-spaniels-jack-daniels-dog-toy.html\" id=\"return-footnote-2900-3\" href=\"#footnote-2900-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Jack Daniel&#8217;s argued that the squeaky toys are tarnishing the Jack Daniel&#8217;s brand, violating its trademark. In response, VIP Products claimed the toy is a humorous parody, basically a joke, and deserves protection due to the First Amendment right of free expression.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Romoser, James. \u201cJustices Fetch New Case on Trademark Law and Parody - SCOTUSblog.\u201d SCOTUSblog, November 21, 2022. https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/2022\/11\/justices-fetch-new-case-on-trademark-law-and-parody\/\" id=\"return-footnote-2900-4\" href=\"#footnote-2900-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do you think the jokes on the dog toy tarnish the Jack Daniel&#8217;s brand? Would consumers be confused?<\/li>\n<li>Is there a danger that the dog toy will influence people, including children, to treat alcohol use as a joke?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><div class=\"qa-wrapper\" style=\"display: block\"><button class=\"show-answer show-answer-button collapsed\" data-target=\"q786330\">Click to Show Sample Answer<\/button><\/p>\n<div id=\"q786330\" class=\"hidden-answer\" style=\"display: none\">Businesses have a right to protect their trademarks but as you learned, it&#8217;s possible for 2 businesses to use the same brand name if there is no likelihood of confusion. A bottle of whiskey is certainly very different than a squeaky dog toy, even if there are a few visual similarities in shape and coloring. In 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the issue of whether consumers might think that Jack Daniel&#8217;s endorsed or authorized this use, like in a licensing deal, is something that should be decided in a trial. At that trial, the dog toy manufacturer is able to argue that nobody could think that Jack Daniel&#8217;s is making fun of itself while Jack Daniel&#8217;s can make the case that the toy&#8217;s appearance is so similar that consumers are likely to think the two products are related.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Totenberg, Nina. \u201cSupreme Court Sides with Jack Daniel\u2019s in Trademark Dispute with Dog Toy Maker.\u201d NPR, June 9, 2023. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2023\/06\/08\/1181012952\/supreme-court-jack-daniels-decision\" id=\"return-footnote-2900-5\" href=\"#footnote-2900-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In 2025, the trial finally took place. A bench trial was held where the judge decided the case instead of a jury. The judge found that VIP created a successful parody so there would be no confusion by consumers. At the same time, because the parody and VIP&#8217;s other products made references to dog excrement, the parody tarnished and diluted Jack Daniel&#8217;s reputation, hurting its value. The court then granted Jack Daniel&#8217;s an injunction that prevented VIP from continuing to sell the product.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/show?mf=9475151&amp;p3sdk_version=1.10.1&amp;p=20361&amp;pt=375&amp;video_id=BjOK5x8yX_w&amp;video_target=tpm-plugin-75dk3kpc-BjOK5x8yX_w\" width=\"800px\" height=\"450px\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0px\" marginheight=\"0px\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/Intro+to+Business\/transcripts\/JackDanielsvs.BadSpanielsintheSupremeCourt.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\">transcript for \u201cJack Daniel&#8217;s vs. Bad Spaniels in the Supreme Court\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-2900-1\">Melendez, Pilar. \u201cFamous Author Jane Friedman Finds AI Fakes Being Sold Under Her Name on Amazon.\u201d Daily Beast, August 8, 2023. https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/author-jane-friedman-finds-ai-fakes-being-sold-under-her-name-on-amazon <a href=\"#return-footnote-2900-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-2900-2\">Jack Daniel\u2019s. \u201cOur Story.\u201d Accessed December 5, 2022. https:\/\/www.jackdaniels.com\/en-us\/our-story <a href=\"#return-footnote-2900-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-2900-3\">Liptak, Adam. 2022. \u201cMay \u2018Bad Spaniels\u2019 Mock Jack Daniel\u2019s? The Supreme Court Will Decide.\u201d The New York Times, December 5, 2022. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/12\/05\/us\/politics\/bad-spaniels-jack-daniels-dog-toy.html <a href=\"#return-footnote-2900-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-2900-4\">Romoser, James. \u201cJustices Fetch New Case on Trademark Law and Parody - SCOTUSblog.\u201d SCOTUSblog, November 21, 2022. https:\/\/www.scotusblog.com\/2022\/11\/justices-fetch-new-case-on-trademark-law-and-parody\/ <a href=\"#return-footnote-2900-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-2900-5\">Totenberg, Nina. \u201cSupreme Court Sides with Jack Daniel\u2019s in Trademark Dispute with Dog Toy Maker.\u201d NPR, June 9, 2023. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2023\/06\/08\/1181012952\/supreme-court-jack-daniels-decision <a href=\"#return-footnote-2900-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":21,"menu_order":19,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Fair Use\",\"author\":\"U.S. Copyright Office\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/IFhF_tHrj4s\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Jack Danielu2019s vs. Bad Spaniels in the Supreme Court\",\"author\":\"Fox 5 New York\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/BjOK5x8yX_w\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"books and glasses\",\"author\":\"Castorly Stock\",\"organization\":\"Pexels\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/green-framed-eyeglasses-on-top-of-a-book-3912236\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":2878,"module-header":"apply_it","content_attributions":[{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":"Fair Use","author":"U.S. Copyright Office","organization":"","url":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/IFhF_tHrj4s","project":"","license":"arr","license_terms":""},{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":"Jack Danielu2019s vs. Bad Spaniels in the Supreme Court","author":"Fox 5 New York","organization":"","url":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/BjOK5x8yX_w","project":"","license":"arr","license_terms":""},{"type":"cc","description":"books and glasses","author":"Castorly Stock","organization":"Pexels","url":"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/photo\/green-framed-eyeglasses-on-top-of-a-book-3912236\/","project":"","license":"cc-by","license_terms":""}],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2900"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8258,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2900\/revisions\/8258"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2878"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2900\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2900"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2900"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/introductiontobusiness\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}