{"id":236,"date":"2025-04-17T16:35:19","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T16:35:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/editing\/"},"modified":"2025-07-08T20:16:08","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T20:16:08","slug":"editing","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/editing\/","title":{"raw":"Editing and Proofreading: Learn It 1","rendered":"Editing and Proofreading: Learn It 1"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\" aria-label=\"Learning Goals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Describe techniques for reading for editing<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Edit for common grammatical errors<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Edit for common punctuation errors<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Describe proofreading and how to do it<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2>Editing<\/h2>\r\nOnce you have completed your revision and feel confident in your content, it\u2019s time to begin the editing stage of your revision process.\r\n\r\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\" aria-label=\"Key Takeaway\">\r\n<h3>questions for editing<\/h3>\r\nThe following questions will guide you through your editing:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Are there any<strong>\u00a0grammar errors<\/strong>, i.e., have you been consistent in your use of tense, do your pronouns agree?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Have you accurately and effectively used\u00a0<strong>punctuation<\/strong>?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Do you rely on\u00a0<strong>strong verbs and nouns<\/strong>\u00a0and maintain a good balance with\u00a0<strong>adjectives and adverbs<\/strong>, using them to enhance descriptions but ensuring clear sentences?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Are your words as\u00a0<strong>accurate\u00a0<\/strong>as possible?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Do you<strong>\u00a0define any technical or unusual terms<\/strong>\u00a0you use?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Are there<strong>\u00a0extra words or clich\u00e9s<\/strong>\u00a0in your sentences that\u00a0<strong>you can delete<\/strong>?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Do you\u00a0<strong>vary your sentence structure<\/strong>?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Have you\u00a0<strong>accurately presented facts<\/strong>; have you copied quotations precisely?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If you\u2019re writing an academic essay, have you tried to be\u00a0<strong>objective\u00a0<\/strong>in your evidence and tone?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If writing a personal essay, is the<strong>\u00a0narrative voice lively and interesting<\/strong>?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Have you\u00a0<strong>spellchecked\u00a0<\/strong>your paper?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If you used sources, have you\u00a0<strong>consistently documented all of the sources\u2019 ideas and informatio<\/strong>n using a standard documentation style?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h3>Adopt a Listening Ear<\/h3>\r\nThe key to revising your work for grammar (both word choice and wording) and mechanics (small but important matters such as punctuation) is to listen to your work anew. The best writers adopt an objective \u201clistening ear,\u201d learning to detect their problems of grammar and mechanics both intuitively and methodically, pretending they\u2019re encountering the work for the first time, no matter how many times they\u2019ve re-read it.\r\n\r\nAs you develop this practice, you can count on two things.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We tend to repeat the same errors in our writing.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other writers make the same errors we do.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nIf we have one comma error in an essay, we are likely to have others; if we have a particular usage problem, such as the distinction between \u201c<strong>affect<\/strong>\u201d and \u201c<strong>effect<\/strong>,\u201d we can be sure other writers have it too. By studying the most common errors and revising accordingly, we\u2019re likely to improve our work substantially. When we make particularly common errors in our writing (such as confusing \u201c<strong>it\u2019s<\/strong>\u201d with \u201c<strong>its<\/strong>\u201d), our audience is justified in viewing us as lazy because such errors are relatively easy to correct.\r\n\r\nIf you know you often make certain errors, double-check for these in particular. Make a note of your errors each time you get work marked and look for patterns. For example, missppellingss, or keybording leters bcak ot frotn, missing words, or adding words because your brain works far faster you can write type.\r\n\r\nDid you spot all those six errors in the previous sentence?\r\n<h3>Reading for Editing<\/h3>\r\nWhen you edit, you want to do a careful, slow, and detailed reading. Here are some tips:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\"><strong>Read aloud, word for word<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">Take advantage of the dual power of sight and hearing working together and you may hear a mistake that you cannot see, such as an omitted or repeated word. Also, note that wherever you pause, you often need some <span class=\"s2\" style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">punctuation<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">. You can even use a screen reader to have your essay read aloud to you.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\"><strong>Slow down to about 25% of your normal reading speed<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">This will help you to read what is actually on the page, not what you think is there. When you read what you wrote, because you already know what is there, it is harder to concentrate on each word. When you read at normal speed, you \"fix your eyes\" on the page only three or four times per line, or less. You unconsciously predict the words between these points and often pick out only as much of the words as you need to do this--perhaps only as much as the first and last letters.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\"><strong>Read from the end<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">Instead of starting at the beginning of your page, start with the very last sentence and read that on its own, then read each sentence individually, working back towards the beginning, a sentence at a time.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">This will stop you from sliding over the words and help you see if you have complete sentences or fragments and run-on sentences. It will also help you see if you have pronouns (like <em style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">it<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\"> or <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">this<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">) that do not have\u00a0full meaning because they are too far from their corresponding noun.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Check for consistency and accuracy<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Check through all the verbs to make sure tenses are consistent and that they all match in time sequence.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">Ask who? or what? For each verb to make sure the singular\/plural subjects match with the verbs. Check every sentence has a full stop.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">Some bits of your writing need to be double-checked, such as the accuracy of statistics, dates, page references, or quotations you have copied, to make sure that the evidence you have selected is absolutely correct.\u00a0<span class=\"s1\" style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">This may mean re-reading sections of your sources.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\"><strong>Read for formality<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">Look through your writing for symptoms that your text is not formal enough. You can do this easily using the <b style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\"><i>Find and Replace<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\"> tool in Microsoft Word and searching for apostrophes in words like <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">it's<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">they're<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">you're<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">, and <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">can't<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">. These contractions typically need to be replaced by the full words to be formal enough for an academic essay or report.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">Similarly, search for the capital letter 'I'\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">because the first person may not be appropriate and might need to be replaced by the passive or third person (\"Results from this experiment show that...\" instead of \"I did an experiment that shows...\").<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\"><strong>Check your reference list<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"p2\">Check through your reference list systematically for alphabetical order and for all required commas, full stops, parentheses, and for missing details such as place or publisher, or date that you accessed a website.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Use Grammar tools<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\r\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\">\r\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"43040969-56d0-4184-aa08-0f7f25d02d73\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o\">\r\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\r\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert dark\">\r\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"114\" data-is-last-node=\"\">Use grammar tools like spell-check or Grammarly to identify and correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe additional strategies below can also help you spot errors in your writing:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Print a hard copy of your document. Reading on paper is different from reading electronically, so you\u2019ll catch errors on paper that you hadn\u2019t noticed before.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Put a ruler under each line as you read through the document. This technique will isolate lines, making it easier to spot mistakes. Some writers also like to use a pencil to point at each word.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Read through the paper backwards, sentence by sentence. This reverse reading technique puts the focus on the words, sentences, and punctuation marks rather than on the ideas.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ask a classmate or friend to read the document. Two sets of eyes are better than one.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\" aria-label=\"Try It\">[ohm2_question]34400[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\" aria-label=\"Learning Goals\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Describe techniques for reading for editing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Edit for common grammatical errors<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Edit for common punctuation errors<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Describe proofreading and how to do it<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Editing<\/h2>\n<p>Once you have completed your revision and feel confident in your content, it\u2019s time to begin the editing stage of your revision process.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\" aria-label=\"Key Takeaway\">\n<h3>questions for editing<\/h3>\n<p>The following questions will guide you through your editing:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Are there any<strong>\u00a0grammar errors<\/strong>, i.e., have you been consistent in your use of tense, do your pronouns agree?<\/li>\n<li>Have you accurately and effectively used\u00a0<strong>punctuation<\/strong>?<\/li>\n<li>Do you rely on\u00a0<strong>strong verbs and nouns<\/strong>\u00a0and maintain a good balance with\u00a0<strong>adjectives and adverbs<\/strong>, using them to enhance descriptions but ensuring clear sentences?<\/li>\n<li>Are your words as\u00a0<strong>accurate\u00a0<\/strong>as possible?<\/li>\n<li>Do you<strong>\u00a0define any technical or unusual terms<\/strong>\u00a0you use?<\/li>\n<li>Are there<strong>\u00a0extra words or clich\u00e9s<\/strong>\u00a0in your sentences that\u00a0<strong>you can delete<\/strong>?<\/li>\n<li>Do you\u00a0<strong>vary your sentence structure<\/strong>?<\/li>\n<li>Have you\u00a0<strong>accurately presented facts<\/strong>; have you copied quotations precisely?<\/li>\n<li>If you\u2019re writing an academic essay, have you tried to be\u00a0<strong>objective\u00a0<\/strong>in your evidence and tone?<\/li>\n<li>If writing a personal essay, is the<strong>\u00a0narrative voice lively and interesting<\/strong>?<\/li>\n<li>Have you\u00a0<strong>spellchecked\u00a0<\/strong>your paper?<\/li>\n<li>If you used sources, have you\u00a0<strong>consistently documented all of the sources\u2019 ideas and informatio<\/strong>n using a standard documentation style?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h3>Adopt a Listening Ear<\/h3>\n<p>The key to revising your work for grammar (both word choice and wording) and mechanics (small but important matters such as punctuation) is to listen to your work anew. The best writers adopt an objective \u201clistening ear,\u201d learning to detect their problems of grammar and mechanics both intuitively and methodically, pretending they\u2019re encountering the work for the first time, no matter how many times they\u2019ve re-read it.<\/p>\n<p>As you develop this practice, you can count on two things.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We tend to repeat the same errors in our writing.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other writers make the same errors we do.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>If we have one comma error in an essay, we are likely to have others; if we have a particular usage problem, such as the distinction between \u201c<strong>affect<\/strong>\u201d and \u201c<strong>effect<\/strong>,\u201d we can be sure other writers have it too. By studying the most common errors and revising accordingly, we\u2019re likely to improve our work substantially. When we make particularly common errors in our writing (such as confusing \u201c<strong>it\u2019s<\/strong>\u201d with \u201c<strong>its<\/strong>\u201d), our audience is justified in viewing us as lazy because such errors are relatively easy to correct.<\/p>\n<p>If you know you often make certain errors, double-check for these in particular. Make a note of your errors each time you get work marked and look for patterns. For example, missppellingss, or keybording leters bcak ot frotn, missing words, or adding words because your brain works far faster you can write type.<\/p>\n<p>Did you spot all those six errors in the previous sentence?<\/p>\n<h3>Reading for Editing<\/h3>\n<p>When you edit, you want to do a careful, slow, and detailed reading. Here are some tips:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p2\"><strong>Read aloud, word for word<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p2\">Take advantage of the dual power of sight and hearing working together and you may hear a mistake that you cannot see, such as an omitted or repeated word. Also, note that wherever you pause, you often need some <span class=\"s2\" style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">punctuation<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">. You can even use a screen reader to have your essay read aloud to you.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><strong>Slow down to about 25% of your normal reading speed<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p2\">This will help you to read what is actually on the page, not what you think is there. When you read what you wrote, because you already know what is there, it is harder to concentrate on each word. When you read at normal speed, you &#8220;fix your eyes&#8221; on the page only three or four times per line, or less. You unconsciously predict the words between these points and often pick out only as much of the words as you need to do this&#8211;perhaps only as much as the first and last letters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><strong>Read from the end<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p2\">Instead of starting at the beginning of your page, start with the very last sentence and read that on its own, then read each sentence individually, working back towards the beginning, a sentence at a time.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\">This will stop you from sliding over the words and help you see if you have complete sentences or fragments and run-on sentences. It will also help you see if you have pronouns (like <em style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">it<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\"> or <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">this<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">) that do not have\u00a0full meaning because they are too far from their corresponding noun.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Check for consistency and accuracy<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">Check through all the verbs to make sure tenses are consistent and that they all match in time sequence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\">Ask who? or what? For each verb to make sure the singular\/plural subjects match with the verbs. Check every sentence has a full stop.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\">Some bits of your writing need to be double-checked, such as the accuracy of statistics, dates, page references, or quotations you have copied, to make sure that the evidence you have selected is absolutely correct.\u00a0<span class=\"s1\" style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">This may mean re-reading sections of your sources.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><strong>Read for formality<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p2\">Look through your writing for symptoms that your text is not formal enough. You can do this easily using the <b style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\"><i>Find and Replace<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\"> tool in Microsoft Word and searching for apostrophes in words like <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">it&#8217;s<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">they&#8217;re<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">, <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">you&#8217;re<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">, and <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">can&#8217;t<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">. These contractions typically need to be replaced by the full words to be formal enough for an academic essay or report.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\">Similarly, search for the capital letter &#8216;I&#8217;\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">because the first person may not be appropriate and might need to be replaced by the passive or third person (&#8220;Results from this experiment show that&#8230;&#8221; instead of &#8220;I did an experiment that shows&#8230;&#8221;).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><strong>Check your reference list<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p2\">Check through your reference list systematically for alphabetical order and for all required commas, full stops, parentheses, and for missing details such as place or publisher, or date that you accessed a website.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use Grammar tools<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words text-start [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"43040969-56d0-4184-aa08-0f7f25d02d73\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert dark\">\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"114\" data-is-last-node=\"\">Use grammar tools like spell-check or Grammarly to identify and correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The additional strategies below can also help you spot errors in your writing:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Print a hard copy of your document. Reading on paper is different from reading electronically, so you\u2019ll catch errors on paper that you hadn\u2019t noticed before.<\/li>\n<li>Put a ruler under each line as you read through the document. This technique will isolate lines, making it easier to spot mistakes. Some writers also like to use a pencil to point at each word.<\/li>\n<li>Read through the paper backwards, sentence by sentence. This reverse reading technique puts the focus on the words, sentences, and punctuation marks rather than on the ideas.<\/li>\n<li>Ask a classmate or friend to read the document. Two sets of eyes are better than one.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\" aria-label=\"Try It\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm34400\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=34400&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm34400&source=tnh&show_question_numbers\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"menu_order":15,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Proof Reading\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"EdumationFilms\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/AsGx4-vUpKs\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"},{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Video: Proof Reading\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Editing\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Excelsior College OWL\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/writing-process\/revising-and-editing\/revising-and-editing-revising-stage-3\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Proofreading Guidelines and Techniques\",\"author\":\"Karen Forgette\",\"organization\":\"University of Mississippi\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Adopt a Listening Ear\",\"author\":\"Joe Schall\",\"organization\":\"Penn State\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.e-education.psu.edu\/writingpersonalstatementsonline\/p3_p7.html\",\"project\":\"Writing Personal Statements Online\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Proofreading\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Writing Works\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/writingworks.wikispaces.com\/Proofreading\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by-nc-sa\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Austin Powers meme\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/www.quickmeme.com\/meme\/3tju9v\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Fair Use\"}]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":224,"module-header":"learn_it","content_attributions":[{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":"Proof Reading","author":"","organization":"EdumationFilms","url":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/AsGx4-vUpKs","project":"","license":"arr","license_terms":"Standard YouTube License"},{"type":"original","description":"Video: Proof Reading","author":"","organization":"Lumen Learning","url":"","project":"","license":"cc-by","license_terms":""},{"type":"cc","description":"Editing","author":"","organization":"Excelsior College OWL","url":"https:\/\/owl.excelsior.edu\/writing-process\/revising-and-editing\/revising-and-editing-revising-stage-3\/","project":"","license":"cc-by","license_terms":""},{"type":"cc","description":"Proofreading Guidelines and Techniques","author":"Karen Forgette","organization":"University of Mississippi","url":"","project":"","license":"cc-by","license_terms":""},{"type":"cc","description":"Adopt a Listening Ear","author":"Joe Schall","organization":"Penn State","url":"https:\/\/www.e-education.psu.edu\/writingpersonalstatementsonline\/p3_p7.html","project":"Writing Personal Statements Online","license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_terms":""},{"type":"cc","description":"Proofreading","author":"","organization":"Writing Works","url":"https:\/\/writingworks.wikispaces.com\/Proofreading","project":"","license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_terms":""},{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":"Austin Powers meme","author":"","organization":"","url":"http:\/\/www.quickmeme.com\/meme\/3tju9v","project":"","license":"arr","license_terms":"Fair Use"}],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/236"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/236\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3134,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/236\/revisions\/3134"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/224"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/236\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=236"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=236"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}