{"id":218,"date":"2025-04-17T16:35:12","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T16:35:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/getting-started\/"},"modified":"2025-06-26T20:49:07","modified_gmt":"2025-06-26T20:49:07","slug":"getting-started","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/getting-started\/","title":{"raw":"Drafting: Learn It 1","rendered":"Drafting: Learn It 1"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\" aria-label=\"Learning Goals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Explain strategies for starting your essay<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Explain how to turn an outline into a draft<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Examine why writing multiple drafts is important<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2>Drafting<\/h2>\r\nAt this stage, you\u2019ve gathered notes, sources, and ideas, which may feel scattered\u2014that\u2019s normal! You likely have an outline, whether it\u2019s formal, informal, or visual, that organizes your sections and their order.\r\n\r\nNow, it\u2019s time to expand that outline into a full draft.\r\n\r\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\" aria-label=\"Key Takeaway\">\r\n<h3>drafting<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Drafting<\/strong> involves prewriting, editing, and reviewing. Start by getting your general ideas down; adding details and quotations now will make later revisions easier. Write down all ideas\u2014it's easier to cut unnecessary content than to add missing material. The key is to start writing as soon as possible. Your first draft doesn\u2019t need to be perfect; it just needs to exist so you can refine it.\r\n\r\n<\/section>There are different drafting approaches:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Fast Drafting<\/strong> \u2013 Write quickly to get ideas down, using brackets for placeholders where research or details are needed.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Slow Drafting<\/strong> \u2013 Focus more on structure and detail from the start, though you\u2019ll still go through multiple revisions.[footnote]University of Maryland, Baltimore. <i>Writing Resources<\/i>. www.umaryland.edu\/writing\/writing-resources\/.[\/footnote]<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>They Say, I Say<\/h2>\r\nLooking at structured writing templates can help you get started. <em>They Say\/I Say<\/em> by Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein<span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\">[footnote]Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein. They Say, I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing, 3rd edition. New York: Norton, 2014.[\/footnote]<\/span> provides templates for forming arguments. The book\u2019s premise is that writing is like joining a conversation: you acknowledge what others have said (\"They say\") and add your perspective (\"I say\").\r\n\r\nFor example, you might introduce an argument with:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\"X argues that\u2026\"<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\"X claims that\u2026\"<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\"X demonstrates that\u2026\"<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nOr structure your argument like this:\r\n<em>\"In discussions of ____, one controversial issue has been ____. On one hand, ____ argues ____. On the other hand, ____ opposes ____. Others believe ____. My view is ____.\"<\/em>\r\n\r\nTo improve clarity, use phrases that guide your reader:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>To contrast with other views<\/strong>: \u201cMany believe\u2026, but I disagree.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>To introduce supporting evidence<\/strong>: \u201cNow let\u2019s examine the research.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>To summarize a resource<\/strong>: \u201cThe main point is\u2026\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>To acknowledge counterarguments<\/strong>: \u201cSome may argue that\u2026, but\u2026\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nUsing templates like these removes the guesswork of structuring an argument, and helps your reader understand why you are making certain points or presenting certain information.\r\n\r\n<section class=\"textbox linkToLearning\" aria-label=\"Link to Learning\">For more, check out <em>They Say\/I Say<\/em> by Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein at your library or visit the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theysayiblog.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">They Say\/I Say blog<\/a> for a moment and read part of at least one of the readings to see how it can be helpful to you the next time you have to make a written argument.<\/section><section class=\"textbox tryIt\" aria-label=\"Try It\">[ohm2_question]34389[\/ohm2_question]<\/section>","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\" aria-label=\"Learning Goals\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Explain strategies for starting your essay<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Explain how to turn an outline into a draft<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Examine why writing multiple drafts is important<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Drafting<\/h2>\n<p>At this stage, you\u2019ve gathered notes, sources, and ideas, which may feel scattered\u2014that\u2019s normal! You likely have an outline, whether it\u2019s formal, informal, or visual, that organizes your sections and their order.<\/p>\n<p>Now, it\u2019s time to expand that outline into a full draft.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox keyTakeaway\" aria-label=\"Key Takeaway\">\n<h3>drafting<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Drafting<\/strong> involves prewriting, editing, and reviewing. Start by getting your general ideas down; adding details and quotations now will make later revisions easier. Write down all ideas\u2014it&#8217;s easier to cut unnecessary content than to add missing material. The key is to start writing as soon as possible. Your first draft doesn\u2019t need to be perfect; it just needs to exist so you can refine it.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p>There are different drafting approaches:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fast Drafting<\/strong> \u2013 Write quickly to get ideas down, using brackets for placeholders where research or details are needed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Slow Drafting<\/strong> \u2013 Focus more on structure and detail from the start, though you\u2019ll still go through multiple revisions.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"University of Maryland, Baltimore. Writing Resources. www.umaryland.edu\/writing\/writing-resources\/.\" id=\"return-footnote-218-1\" href=\"#footnote-218-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>They Say, I Say<\/h2>\n<p>Looking at structured writing templates can help you get started. <em>They Say\/I Say<\/em> by Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein<span style=\"font-size: 1rem; text-align: initial;\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein. They Say, I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing, 3rd edition. New York: Norton, 2014.\" id=\"return-footnote-218-2\" href=\"#footnote-218-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/span> provides templates for forming arguments. The book\u2019s premise is that writing is like joining a conversation: you acknowledge what others have said (&#8220;They say&#8221;) and add your perspective (&#8220;I say&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>For example, you might introduce an argument with:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;X argues that\u2026&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;X claims that\u2026&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;X demonstrates that\u2026&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Or structure your argument like this:<br \/>\n<em>&#8220;In discussions of ____, one controversial issue has been ____. On one hand, ____ argues ____. On the other hand, ____ opposes ____. Others believe ____. My view is ____.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>To improve clarity, use phrases that guide your reader:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>To contrast with other views<\/strong>: \u201cMany believe\u2026, but I disagree.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>To introduce supporting evidence<\/strong>: \u201cNow let\u2019s examine the research.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>To summarize a resource<\/strong>: \u201cThe main point is\u2026\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>To acknowledge counterarguments<\/strong>: \u201cSome may argue that\u2026, but\u2026\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Using templates like these removes the guesswork of structuring an argument, and helps your reader understand why you are making certain points or presenting certain information.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox linkToLearning\" aria-label=\"Link to Learning\">For more, check out <em>They Say\/I Say<\/em> by Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein at your library or visit the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theysayiblog.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">They Say\/I Say blog<\/a> for a moment and read part of at least one of the readings to see how it can be helpful to you the next time you have to make a written argument.<\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\" aria-label=\"Try It\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm34389\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=34389&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm34389&source=tnh&show_question_numbers\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/section>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-218-1\">University of Maryland, Baltimore. <i>Writing Resources<\/i>. www.umaryland.edu\/writing\/writing-resources\/. <a href=\"#return-footnote-218-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-218-2\">Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein. They Say, I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing, 3rd edition. New York: Norton, 2014. <a href=\"#return-footnote-218-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":6,"menu_order":23,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Helping Others Follow\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Ohio State University Libraries\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\/chapter\/helping-others-follow\/\",\"project\":\"Choosing & Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research \",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Modification, adaptation, and original content\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":202,"module-header":"learn_it","content_attributions":[{"type":"cc","description":"Helping Others Follow","author":"","organization":"Ohio State University Libraries","url":"https:\/\/ohiostate.pressbooks.pub\/choosingsources\/chapter\/helping-others-follow\/","project":"Choosing & Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research ","license":"cc-by","license_terms":""},{"type":"cc","description":"Modification, adaptation, and original content","author":"","organization":"Lumen Learning","url":"","project":"","license":"cc-by","license_terms":""}],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/218"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2649,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/218\/revisions\/2649"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/202"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/218\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=218"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=218"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}