{"id":1434,"date":"2025-04-28T23:30:54","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T23:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1434"},"modified":"2025-07-31T01:00:52","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T01:00:52","slug":"writing-ethically-apply-it","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/chapter\/writing-ethically-apply-it\/","title":{"raw":"Writing Ethically: Apply It","rendered":"Writing Ethically: Apply It"},"content":{"raw":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\" aria-label=\"Learning Goals\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Explain what academic dishonesty means<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Describe and give examples of plagiarism<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Describe proactive strategies to avoid plagiarism<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Explain best practices for using and citing copyrighted and openly licensed materials<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"645\" data-end=\"687\">What Can Go Wrong: A Real-World Example<\/h2>\r\n<section class=\"textbox example\" aria-label=\"Example\">\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"689\" data-end=\"883\">In 2016, Melania Trump gave a speech at the Republican National Convention. Parts of it were strikingly similar to a speech Michelle Obama had delivered eight years earlier.\u00a0In 2008, here\u2019s what Michelle Obama said, in part (most of the highlights in these passages, which show the similar parts, are from <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/washwire\/2016\/07\/19\/melania-trump-speech-used-same-passages-as-michelle-obamas-2008-address\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a\u00a0Wall Street Journal article<\/a> about the plagiarism).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<blockquote>Like my family, they scrimped and saved so that he could have opportunities they never had themselves. And Barack and I were raised with so many of the same values: that <strong>you work hard for what you want in life<\/strong>; <strong>that your word is your bond and you do what you say you\u2019re going to do; that you treat people with dignity and respect<\/strong>, even if you don\u2019t know them, and even if you don\u2019t agree with them. And Barack and I set out to build lives guided by these values, and pass them on to the next generation. Because <strong>we want our children\u2014and all children in this nation\u2014to know that the only limit to the height of your achievements is the reach of your dreams and your willingness to work for them<\/strong>.<\/blockquote>\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/2016\/07\/27214017\/Melania_Trump_2016-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Appropriate alternative text for this image can be found in the caption.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" \/> <strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. Melania Trump[\/caption]\r\n\r\nAnd here\u2019s the similar passage from Melania Trump\u2019s speech:\r\n<blockquote>From a young age, my parents impressed on me the values that <strong>you work hard for what you want in life<\/strong>, that <strong>your word is your bond and you do what you say and keep your promise, that you treat people with respect<\/strong>. They taught and showed me values and morals in their daily lives. That is a lesson that I continue to pass along to our son. And we need to pass those lessons on to the many generations to follow. Because <strong>we want our children in this nation to know that the only limit to your achievements is the strength of your dreams and your willingness to work for them.<\/strong><\/blockquote>\r\n<\/section><section class=\"textbox linkToLearning\" aria-label=\"Link to Learning\">You can watch a video of the similar snippets from their speeches below.\r\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/iframe_api \"><\/script>\r\n<p class=\"cc-media-iframe-container\"><iframe id=\"tpm-plugin-hdaefahe-RcbiGsDMmCM\" class=\"cc-media-iframe\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RcbiGsDMmCM?enablejsapi=1 \" frameborder=\"0\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"3p-plugin-target-hdaefahe-RcbiGsDMmCM\" class=\"p3sdk-target\"><\/div>\r\n<p class=\"cc-media-iframe-container\"><script type='text\/javascript' src='\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/ajax.js?cc=1&cc_minimizable=1&cc_minimize_on_load=0&cc_multi_text_track=0&cc_overlay=1&cc_searchable=0&embed=ajax&mf=13492979&p3sdk_version=1.11.7&p=20361&player_type=youtube&plugin_skin=dark&target=3p-plugin-target-hdaefahe-RcbiGsDMmCM&vembed=0&video_id=RcbiGsDMmCM&video_target=tpm-plugin-hdaefahe-RcbiGsDMmCM'><\/script><\/p>\r\nYou can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/English+Comp\/Transcripts\/Melania+Trump+and+Michelle+Obama+side-by-side+comparison_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cMelania Trump and Michelle Obama side-by-side comparison\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/section>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1271\" data-end=\"1362\">The similarities were hard to ignore and led to widespread accusations of plagiarism. So, how did it happen? According to analysis by journalists and experts, it wasn\u2019t likely deliberate theft. Instead, it was probably the result of poor note-keeping, losing track of sources, and carelessness during speech writing.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"1611\" data-end=\"1636\">How Plagiarism Happens<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1638\" data-end=\"1819\">Many people imagine plagiarism as someone intentionally stealing another person's words. While that can happen, unintentional plagiarism is much more common, especially when:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1822\" data-end=\"1854\">Research notes get disorganized.<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1857\" data-end=\"1907\">Writers forget where an idea originally came from.<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1910\" data-end=\"1965\">A draft gets rushed without tracking sources carefully.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1967\" data-end=\"2136\">Even famous figures like Jane Goodall have faced accusations of plagiarism, citing chaotic note-taking as the cause. Carelessness\u2014not malice\u2014is often to blame. But in academic settings, intent doesn't matter. Even accidental plagiarism can lead to serious consequences, including:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2267\" data-end=\"2298\">Failing an assignment or course<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2301\" data-end=\"2320\">Academic discipline<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2323\" data-end=\"2361\">Damage to your reputation as a student<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"2368\" data-end=\"2424\">How to Protect Yourself<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2426\" data-end=\"2538\">Good habits are your best defense against plagiarism. Some strategies to keep your research organized include:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2541\" data-end=\"2583\">Bookmarking useful sources right away.<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2586\" data-end=\"2657\">Using research tools like Zotero, Evernote, or citation generators.<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2660\" data-end=\"2779\">Keeping notes with clear attributions \u2014 every idea you write down should be immediately labeled where it came from.<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2782\" data-end=\"2850\">Building your citations as you write, not waiting until the end.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2852\" data-end=\"2875\">Think of it this way: you wouldn\u2019t walk around without clothes on\u2014your notes shouldn\u2019t walk around without citations either. Protecting yourself through consistent citation practices takes time, but it\u2019s far easier than facing plagiarism accusations later.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\" aria-label=\"Try It\">[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1]40701[\/ohm2_question]\r\n\r\n[ohm2_question hide_question_numbers=1]40702[\/ohm2_question]\r\n\r\n<\/section>&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<section class=\"textbox learningGoals\" aria-label=\"Learning Goals\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Explain what academic dishonesty means<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Describe and give examples of plagiarism<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Describe proactive strategies to avoid plagiarism<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Explain best practices for using and citing copyrighted and openly licensed materials<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"645\" data-end=\"687\">What Can Go Wrong: A Real-World Example<\/h2>\n<section class=\"textbox example\" aria-label=\"Example\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"689\" data-end=\"883\">In 2016, Melania Trump gave a speech at the Republican National Convention. Parts of it were strikingly similar to a speech Michelle Obama had delivered eight years earlier.\u00a0In 2008, here\u2019s what Michelle Obama said, in part (most of the highlights in these passages, which show the similar parts, are from <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.wsj.com\/washwire\/2016\/07\/19\/melania-trump-speech-used-same-passages-as-michelle-obamas-2008-address\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a\u00a0Wall Street Journal article<\/a> about the plagiarism).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Like my family, they scrimped and saved so that he could have opportunities they never had themselves. And Barack and I were raised with so many of the same values: that <strong>you work hard for what you want in life<\/strong>; <strong>that your word is your bond and you do what you say you\u2019re going to do; that you treat people with dignity and respect<\/strong>, even if you don\u2019t know them, and even if you don\u2019t agree with them. And Barack and I set out to build lives guided by these values, and pass them on to the next generation. Because <strong>we want our children\u2014and all children in this nation\u2014to know that the only limit to the height of your achievements is the reach of your dreams and your willingness to work for them<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/courses-images\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/2016\/07\/27214017\/Melania_Trump_2016-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Appropriate alternative text for this image can be found in the caption.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>. Melania Trump<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>And here\u2019s the similar passage from Melania Trump\u2019s speech:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>From a young age, my parents impressed on me the values that <strong>you work hard for what you want in life<\/strong>, that <strong>your word is your bond and you do what you say and keep your promise, that you treat people with respect<\/strong>. They taught and showed me values and morals in their daily lives. That is a lesson that I continue to pass along to our son. And we need to pass those lessons on to the many generations to follow. Because <strong>we want our children in this nation to know that the only limit to your achievements is the strength of your dreams and your willingness to work for them.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"textbox linkToLearning\" aria-label=\"Link to Learning\">You can watch a video of the similar snippets from their speeches below.<br \/>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/iframe_api\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p class=\"cc-media-iframe-container\"><iframe id=\"tpm-plugin-hdaefahe-RcbiGsDMmCM\" class=\"cc-media-iframe\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RcbiGsDMmCM?enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div id=\"3p-plugin-target-hdaefahe-RcbiGsDMmCM\" class=\"p3sdk-target\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"cc-media-iframe-container\"><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/ajax.js?cc=1&#38;cc_minimizable=1&#38;cc_minimize_on_load=0&#38;cc_multi_text_track=0&#38;cc_overlay=1&#38;cc_searchable=0&#38;embed=ajax&#38;mf=13492979&#38;p3sdk_version=1.11.7&#38;p=20361&#38;player_type=youtube&#38;plugin_skin=dark&#38;target=3p-plugin-target-hdaefahe-RcbiGsDMmCM&#38;vembed=0&#38;video_id=RcbiGsDMmCM&#38;video_target=tpm-plugin-hdaefahe-RcbiGsDMmCM\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>You can view the <a href=\"https:\/\/course-building.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/English+Comp\/Transcripts\/Melania+Trump+and+Michelle+Obama+side-by-side+comparison_transcript.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transcript for \u201cMelania Trump and Michelle Obama side-by-side comparison\u201d here (opens in new window).<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1271\" data-end=\"1362\">The similarities were hard to ignore and led to widespread accusations of plagiarism. So, how did it happen? According to analysis by journalists and experts, it wasn\u2019t likely deliberate theft. Instead, it was probably the result of poor note-keeping, losing track of sources, and carelessness during speech writing.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1611\" data-end=\"1636\">How Plagiarism Happens<\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1638\" data-end=\"1819\">Many people imagine plagiarism as someone intentionally stealing another person&#8217;s words. While that can happen, unintentional plagiarism is much more common, especially when:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1822\" data-end=\"1854\">Research notes get disorganized.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1857\" data-end=\"1907\">Writers forget where an idea originally came from.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1910\" data-end=\"1965\">A draft gets rushed without tracking sources carefully.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1967\" data-end=\"2136\">Even famous figures like Jane Goodall have faced accusations of plagiarism, citing chaotic note-taking as the cause. Carelessness\u2014not malice\u2014is often to blame. But in academic settings, intent doesn&#8217;t matter. Even accidental plagiarism can lead to serious consequences, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"2267\" data-end=\"2298\">Failing an assignment or course<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2301\" data-end=\"2320\">Academic discipline<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2323\" data-end=\"2361\">Damage to your reputation as a student<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"2368\" data-end=\"2424\">How to Protect Yourself<\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2426\" data-end=\"2538\">Good habits are your best defense against plagiarism. Some strategies to keep your research organized include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"2541\" data-end=\"2583\">Bookmarking useful sources right away.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2586\" data-end=\"2657\">Using research tools like Zotero, Evernote, or citation generators.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2660\" data-end=\"2779\">Keeping notes with clear attributions \u2014 every idea you write down should be immediately labeled where it came from.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2782\" data-end=\"2850\">Building your citations as you write, not waiting until the end.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2852\" data-end=\"2875\">Think of it this way: you wouldn\u2019t walk around without clothes on\u2014your notes shouldn\u2019t walk around without citations either. Protecting yourself through consistent citation practices takes time, but it\u2019s far easier than facing plagiarism accusations later.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\" aria-label=\"Try It\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm40701\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=40701&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm40701&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm40702\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=40702&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm40702&source=tnh\" width=\"100%\" height=\"150\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"menu_order":14,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"copyrighted_video\",\"description\":\"Melania Trump and Michelle Obama side-by-side comparison\",\"author\":\"\",\"organization\":\"CNN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RcbiGsDMmCM\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"arr\",\"license_terms\":\"Standard YouTube License\"}]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":308,"module-header":"apply_it","content_attributions":[{"type":"copyrighted_video","description":"Melania Trump and Michelle Obama side-by-side comparison","author":"","organization":"CNN","url":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RcbiGsDMmCM","project":"","license":"arr","license_terms":"Standard YouTube License"}],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"<script type='text\/javascript' src='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/iframe_api'><\/script><script type='text\/javascript' src='\/\/plugin.3playmedia.com\/ajax.js?cc=1&cc_minimizable=1&cc_minimize_on_load=0&cc_multi_text_track=0&cc_overlay=1&cc_searchable=0&embed=ajax&mf=13492979&p3sdk_version=1.11.7&p=20361&player_type=youtube&plugin_skin=dark&target=3p-plugin-target-hdaefahe-RcbiGsDMmCM&vembed=0&video_id=RcbiGsDMmCM&video_target=tpm-plugin-hdaefahe-RcbiGsDMmCM'><\/script>\n","media_targets":["tpm-plugin-hdaefahe-RcbiGsDMmCM"]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1434"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3481,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1434\/revisions\/3481"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/308"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1434\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1434"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1434"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/englishcomp1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}