{"id":579,"date":"2023-09-21T18:50:19","date_gmt":"2023-09-21T18:50:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/chapter\/working-across-generations\/"},"modified":"2025-10-15T08:17:36","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T08:17:36","slug":"working-across-generations","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/chapter\/working-across-generations\/","title":{"raw":"Learn It 13.3.4 Demographic Differences and Communication","rendered":"Learn It 13.3.4 Demographic Differences and Communication"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Working Across Generations<\/h2>\r\n<p>Each generation is a subculture with a sense of reality based on the formative world and national events, technological innovations, and socio-cultural values. To understand how that experience impacts communication, it\u2019s instructive to consider how the different generations view technology and communications media. The following examples are based on an analysis of generational differences[footnote]\"Generational Differences Chart.\" <em>West Midland Family Center<\/em>. Web. 28 Jun 2018. http:\/\/www.wmfc.org\/uploads\/GenerationalDifferencesChart.pdf[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n<div>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 132px;\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 44px;\">\r\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"col\">\u00a0<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"col\">Traditionalists (Silent Generation)<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"col\">Baby\u00a0Boomers<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"col\">Generation\u00a0X<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"col\">Millennials<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"col\">Generation\u00a0Z<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 44px;\">\r\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"row\">Technology is\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0.<\/th>\r\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Hoover Dam<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">The microwave<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Internet<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Hand-held devices<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Apps<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 44px;\">\r\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"row\">Communicate via\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0.<\/th>\r\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Rotary phones<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Touch-tone phones<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Cellphones and pagers<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Internet Smartphones<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Social Media<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p>Every generation develops expertise in communication formats and media that reflect their situational reality. For example, [pb_glossary id=\"3156\"]Traditionalists[\/pb_glossary] tend to have a more formal communication style, with strict adherence to written grammatical rules and a strong cultural structure. [pb_glossary id=\"3157\"]Baby Boomers[\/pb_glossary] tend to prefer a more informal and collaborative approach. [pb_glossary id=\"3158\"]Gen X[\/pb_glossary] communications tend to be more blunt and direct: just the facts. [pb_glossary id=\"3159\"]Millennial[\/pb_glossary] and [pb_glossary id=\"3160\"]Gen Z[\/pb_glossary] communication is technology-dependent. As an Ad Council article notes, these generations are driving a truncation of the English language, shortening words (e.g., <em>totally<\/em> becomes <em>totes<\/em>) and abbreviating phrases into one or two-syllable \u201cwords,\u201d which may or may not be spoken aloud (e.g., FOMO for \u201cfear of missing out\u201d and TL;DR for \u201ctoo long; didn't read\u201d). These clippings have their roots in texting language: a shorthand that\u2019s optimized for the communications media and immediate gratification expectations of mobile communication.<\/p>\r\n<section class=\"textbox example\">\r\n<h3>Texting[footnote]Adler, Max. \u201cText Messaging Statistics + Trends Updated For 2024.\u201d <em>SMS Comparison<\/em>. January 7, 2024. https:\/\/www.smscomparison.com\/sms-statistics[\/footnote]<\/h3>\r\n<p>Texting is a cross-generational trend\u2014something that nearly all adults in America participate in.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>97% of US Adults own a mobile phone (85% of these are smartphones).<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Americans check their phones on average 96 times per day (once every ten minutes).<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">95% of text messages are read and responded to within 3 minutes of being received.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<h2>Bridging the Generation Gap<\/h2>\r\n<p>Each generation brings not only a frame of reference but also a set of competencies\u2014and expectations\u2014based on how they view the world and their place in it. The challenge for both businesses and individuals is that we now have five generations in the workforce. Differences in generational communication style and media are, effectively, language barriers. To the extent that individuals can\u2019t translate, the communication gaps are a hindrance to effective collaboration and the achievement of goals and objectives. The communication disconnect can also affect employee morale and productivity.<\/p>\r\n<p>The opportunity in this situation is to leverage specific generational strengths and decrease points of friction. The best-case scenario is to create a culture and opportunities that encourage cross-generational sharing and mentoring.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>In a related trend, the model of talent management is changing. We\u2019re moving to a model of shared learning, where workers of all ages contribute to each other's growth and development.[footnote]\"2017 Global Workplace Trends.\" <em>Sodexo<\/em>. Web. 26 June 2018. https:\/\/www.sodexo.com\/home\/media\/studies-and-reports\/newsList-area\/studies-and-reports\/2017-global-workplace-trends.html[\/footnote] Indeed, \u201cintergenerational agility\u201d is key to ensuring that both employees and employers receive meaningful benefits and unique advantages. Business benefits of intergenerational learning include increased efficiency, productivity, and competitive positioning. Two statistics that suggest the culture and communication gaps can be bridged:[footnote]\"Generations at Work.\" <em>The Hartford<\/em>. Web. 26 June 2018. https:\/\/s0.hfdstatic.com\/sites\/the_hartford\/files\/generations-at-work.pdf[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">90 percent of Millennials believe that Boomers bring substantial experience and knowledge to the workplace<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93 percent of Baby Boomers believe that Millennials bring new skills and ideas to the workplace.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The diversity of the intergenerational workplace isn\u2019t just a development\u2014it\u2019s a creative opportunity.<\/p>\r\n<p>Professor Mariano S\u00e1nchez of the University of Granada in Spain sees the opportunity to cultivate \u201dgenerational intelligence;\u201d specifically, \u201corganizing activities that raise generational awareness, connect generations and help them work better together\u2014exchanging knowledge, ideas, skills and more to enhance the broad skill sets everyone needs in today\u2019s jobs.\u201d[footnote]\"2017 Global Workplace Trends Report.\" <em>Sodexo<\/em>. Web. 26 June 2018. https:\/\/www.sodexo.com\/home\/media\/studies-and-reports\/newsList-area\/studies-and-reports\/2017-global-workplace-trends.html[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n<p>According to Jason Dorsey, Millenial and Gen Z researcher and co-founder of The Center for Generational Kinetics, \u201cThe key is getting each person to recognize that everyone has different communication skills that can be harnessed to best support the organization.\u201d[footnote]Zelevansky, Nora. \"Bridging the Gap at Work: Improving Intergenerational Communication.\" <em>Coca Cola Journey<\/em>. 01 Dec 2014. Web. 26 June 2018. https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/stories\/bridging-the-gap-at-work-improving-intergenerational-communication[\/footnote] Incorporating multiple communication media in meetings and facilitating ongoing discussion\/collaboration allows members of different generations to share expertise and demonstrate their value. Selecting technology that supports multiple ways of communicating and collaborating can also leverage collective strengths and create fertile ground. For example, using a videoconferencing platform like Zoom allows participants to connect visually and participate virtually, with audio, screen sharing, and recording capabilities.<\/p>\r\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">\r\n<p>[ohm2_question height=\"500\"]14877[\/ohm2_question][ohm2_question height=\"500\"]14878[\/ohm2_question]<\/p>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h2>Working Across Generations<\/h2>\n<p>Each generation is a subculture with a sense of reality based on the formative world and national events, technological innovations, and socio-cultural values. To understand how that experience impacts communication, it\u2019s instructive to consider how the different generations view technology and communications media. The following examples are based on an analysis of generational differences<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;Generational Differences Chart.&quot; West Midland Family Center. Web. 28 Jun 2018. http:\/\/www.wmfc.org\/uploads\/GenerationalDifferencesChart.pdf\" id=\"return-footnote-579-1\" href=\"#footnote-579-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 132px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"height: 44px;\">\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"col\">\u00a0<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"col\">Traditionalists (Silent Generation)<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"col\">Baby\u00a0Boomers<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"col\">Generation\u00a0X<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"col\">Millennials<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"col\">Generation\u00a0Z<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 44px;\">\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"row\">Technology is\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0.<\/th>\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Hoover Dam<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">The microwave<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Internet<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Hand-held devices<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Apps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 44px;\">\n<th style=\"height: 44px;\" scope=\"row\">Communicate via\u00a0.\u00a0.\u00a0.<\/th>\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Rotary phones<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Touch-tone phones<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Cellphones and pagers<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Internet Smartphones<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 44px;\">Social Media<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Every generation develops expertise in communication formats and media that reflect their situational reality. For example, <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_579_3156\">Traditionalists<\/a> tend to have a more formal communication style, with strict adherence to written grammatical rules and a strong cultural structure. <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_579_3157\">Baby Boomers<\/a> tend to prefer a more informal and collaborative approach. <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_579_3158\">Gen X<\/a> communications tend to be more blunt and direct: just the facts. <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_579_3159\">Millennial<\/a> and <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_579_3160\">Gen Z<\/a> communication is technology-dependent. As an Ad Council article notes, these generations are driving a truncation of the English language, shortening words (e.g., <em>totally<\/em> becomes <em>totes<\/em>) and abbreviating phrases into one or two-syllable \u201cwords,\u201d which may or may not be spoken aloud (e.g., FOMO for \u201cfear of missing out\u201d and TL;DR for \u201ctoo long; didn&#8217;t read\u201d). These clippings have their roots in texting language: a shorthand that\u2019s optimized for the communications media and immediate gratification expectations of mobile communication.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox example\">\n<h3>Texting<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Adler, Max. \u201cText Messaging Statistics + Trends Updated For 2024.\u201d SMS Comparison. January 7, 2024. https:\/\/www.smscomparison.com\/sms-statistics\" id=\"return-footnote-579-2\" href=\"#footnote-579-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>Texting is a cross-generational trend\u2014something that nearly all adults in America participate in.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>97% of US Adults own a mobile phone (85% of these are smartphones).<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Americans check their phones on average 96 times per day (once every ten minutes).<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">95% of text messages are read and responded to within 3 minutes of being received.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Bridging the Generation Gap<\/h2>\n<p>Each generation brings not only a frame of reference but also a set of competencies\u2014and expectations\u2014based on how they view the world and their place in it. The challenge for both businesses and individuals is that we now have five generations in the workforce. Differences in generational communication style and media are, effectively, language barriers. To the extent that individuals can\u2019t translate, the communication gaps are a hindrance to effective collaboration and the achievement of goals and objectives. The communication disconnect can also affect employee morale and productivity.<\/p>\n<p>The opportunity in this situation is to leverage specific generational strengths and decrease points of friction. The best-case scenario is to create a culture and opportunities that encourage cross-generational sharing and mentoring.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In a related trend, the model of talent management is changing. We\u2019re moving to a model of shared learning, where workers of all ages contribute to each other&#8217;s growth and development.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;2017 Global Workplace Trends.&quot; Sodexo. Web. 26 June 2018. https:\/\/www.sodexo.com\/home\/media\/studies-and-reports\/newsList-area\/studies-and-reports\/2017-global-workplace-trends.html\" id=\"return-footnote-579-3\" href=\"#footnote-579-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a> Indeed, \u201cintergenerational agility\u201d is key to ensuring that both employees and employers receive meaningful benefits and unique advantages. Business benefits of intergenerational learning include increased efficiency, productivity, and competitive positioning. Two statistics that suggest the culture and communication gaps can be bridged:<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;Generations at Work.&quot; The Hartford. Web. 26 June 2018. https:\/\/s0.hfdstatic.com\/sites\/the_hartford\/files\/generations-at-work.pdf\" id=\"return-footnote-579-4\" href=\"#footnote-579-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">90 percent of Millennials believe that Boomers bring substantial experience and knowledge to the workplace<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93 percent of Baby Boomers believe that Millennials bring new skills and ideas to the workplace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The diversity of the intergenerational workplace isn\u2019t just a development\u2014it\u2019s a creative opportunity.<\/p>\n<p>Professor Mariano S\u00e1nchez of the University of Granada in Spain sees the opportunity to cultivate \u201dgenerational intelligence;\u201d specifically, \u201corganizing activities that raise generational awareness, connect generations and help them work better together\u2014exchanging knowledge, ideas, skills and more to enhance the broad skill sets everyone needs in today\u2019s jobs.\u201d<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;2017 Global Workplace Trends Report.&quot; Sodexo. Web. 26 June 2018. https:\/\/www.sodexo.com\/home\/media\/studies-and-reports\/newsList-area\/studies-and-reports\/2017-global-workplace-trends.html\" id=\"return-footnote-579-5\" href=\"#footnote-579-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>According to Jason Dorsey, Millenial and Gen Z researcher and co-founder of The Center for Generational Kinetics, \u201cThe key is getting each person to recognize that everyone has different communication skills that can be harnessed to best support the organization.\u201d<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Zelevansky, Nora. &quot;Bridging the Gap at Work: Improving Intergenerational Communication.&quot; Coca Cola Journey. 01 Dec 2014. Web. 26 June 2018. https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/stories\/bridging-the-gap-at-work-improving-intergenerational-communication\" id=\"return-footnote-579-6\" href=\"#footnote-579-6\" aria-label=\"Footnote 6\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[6]<\/sup><\/a> Incorporating multiple communication media in meetings and facilitating ongoing discussion\/collaboration allows members of different generations to share expertise and demonstrate their value. Selecting technology that supports multiple ways of communicating and collaborating can also leverage collective strengths and create fertile ground. For example, using a videoconferencing platform like Zoom allows participants to connect visually and participate virtually, with audio, screen sharing, and recording capabilities.<\/p>\n<section class=\"textbox tryIt\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm14877\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=14877&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm14877&source=tnh&show_question_numbers\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\"><\/iframe><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"ohm14878\" class=\"resizable\" src=\"https:\/\/ohm.one.lumenlearning.com\/multiembedq.php?id=14878&theme=lumen&iframe_resize_id=ohm14878&source=tnh&show_question_numbers\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-579-1\">\"Generational Differences Chart.\" <em>West Midland Family Center<\/em>. Web. 28 Jun 2018. http:\/\/www.wmfc.org\/uploads\/GenerationalDifferencesChart.pdf <a href=\"#return-footnote-579-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-579-2\">Adler, Max. \u201cText Messaging Statistics + Trends Updated For 2024.\u201d <em>SMS Comparison<\/em>. January 7, 2024. https:\/\/www.smscomparison.com\/sms-statistics <a href=\"#return-footnote-579-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-579-3\">\"2017 Global Workplace Trends.\" <em>Sodexo<\/em>. Web. 26 June 2018. https:\/\/www.sodexo.com\/home\/media\/studies-and-reports\/newsList-area\/studies-and-reports\/2017-global-workplace-trends.html <a href=\"#return-footnote-579-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-579-4\">\"Generations at Work.\" <em>The Hartford<\/em>. Web. 26 June 2018. https:\/\/s0.hfdstatic.com\/sites\/the_hartford\/files\/generations-at-work.pdf <a href=\"#return-footnote-579-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-579-5\">\"2017 Global Workplace Trends Report.\" <em>Sodexo<\/em>. Web. 26 June 2018. https:\/\/www.sodexo.com\/home\/media\/studies-and-reports\/newsList-area\/studies-and-reports\/2017-global-workplace-trends.html <a href=\"#return-footnote-579-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-579-6\">Zelevansky, Nora. \"Bridging the Gap at Work: Improving Intergenerational Communication.\" <em>Coca Cola Journey<\/em>. 01 Dec 2014. Web. 26 June 2018. https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/stories\/bridging-the-gap-at-work-improving-intergenerational-communication <a href=\"#return-footnote-579-6\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 6\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_579_3156\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_579_3156\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>The generational cohort called Traditionalists (also known as the Silent Generation) were born between 1928 and 1945. This generation values hard work, loyalty, and respect for authority. They are known for their strong commitment to duty before pleasure.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_579_3157\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_579_3157\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>The generational cohort called Baby Boomers were born between 1946 and 1964. Baby Boomers grew up during a time of dramatic social change. They are known for their strong work ethic, competitiveness, and desire for personal gratification.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_579_3158\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_579_3158\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>The generational cohort called Generation X (Gen X) were born between 1965 and 1980. Members of Gen X are known for their independence, resourcefulness, and skepticism toward institutions. They value work-life balance more than the previous generations and are seen as the first to grow up with computers in their homes.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_579_3159\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_579_3159\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>The generational cohort known as Millennials (also called Generation Y) were born between 1981 and 1996. Millennials are known for their familiarity with digital communications, media, and technologies. They value flexibility, creativity, and purpose in their work.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_579_3160\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_579_3160\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>The generational cohort called Generation Z (Gen Z) were born between 1997 and 2012. This generation is the first to grow up with access to the internet and digital technology from a young age. They are tech-savvy, socially aware, and value individuality and authenticity.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":9,"menu_order":16,"template":"","meta":{"_candela_citation":"[{\"type\":\"original\",\"description\":\"Working across Generations\",\"author\":\"Nina Burokas\",\"organization\":\"Lumen Learning\",\"url\":\"\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"Generation Gap: man with Kindle, boy with book.\",\"author\":\"David Beach\",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/itsbeach\/6731914633\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"cc\",\"description\":\"people talking\",\"author\":\"Oregon Department of Transportation \",\"organization\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/oregondot\/38552104441\/in\/album-72157690819747296\/\",\"project\":\"\",\"license\":\"cc-by\",\"license_terms\":\"\"}]","pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":561,"module-header":"learn_it","content_attributions":[{"type":"original","description":"Working across Generations","author":"Nina Burokas","organization":"Lumen Learning","url":"","project":"","license":"cc-by","license_terms":""},{"type":"cc","description":"Generation Gap: man with Kindle, boy with book.","author":"David Beach","organization":"","url":"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/itsbeach\/6731914633\/","project":"","license":"cc-by","license_terms":""},{"type":"cc","description":"people talking","author":"Oregon Department of Transportation ","organization":"","url":"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/oregondot\/38552104441\/in\/album-72157690819747296\/","project":"","license":"cc-by","license_terms":""}],"internal_book_links":[],"video_content":null,"cc_video_embed_content":{"cc_scripts":"","media_targets":[]},"try_it_collection":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/579"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/579\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5078,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/579\/revisions\/5078"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/561"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/579\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=579"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=579"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/content.one.lumenlearning.com\/businesscommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}